조선 전기 군주와 중앙관료의 경술(經術) 인식－<<국조보감>>의 내용을 중심으로－

Abstract

This discourse is the basic study for understanding of studies on Mencius during the reigns of King Jungjong to King Seonjo with the focus on review around the contents of 『Gukjobogam』 with the perception of Gyeongsul by the kings and the central bureaucrats in the first half of the Joseon Dynasty that it is an aspect of cultural multilateral approach to understand the foundation of Confucian Classics. 『Gukjobogam』 is extracted from 『Sillok (Book of the Annals)』 that has the contents emphasizing the meritorious works of the late kings that the kings of the Joseon Dynasty widely utilized it as the basic teaching materials for the disciplines of kingship. 『Gukjobogam』 is produced as a special record with its discipline and merit that it is summarized and outlined with the essential contents for the awakening of people in preparation of 『Sillok』. It seems to be useful to take a look at the perception of kings and key bureaucrats on the Gyeongsul (Confucius principle of ruling the state) in the first half of the Joseon Dynasty. As a result of review, those kings of the early Joseon Dynasty that intended to rule the country through the promotion of Confucianism with the Seungyuoekbul (policy to respect Confucianism and suppress Buddhism) as its vision ruled the national management with the advises from a number of bureaucrats armed with Confucius education, but it is still possible to display under a diverse point of views when taking a closer look at the detailed aspects. The mind reading of the discipline of kingship was emphasized, but it can be seen to be taken as a way of effective studies on statecraft through the harmonious perception of the history of Confucius studies in the detailed phase, and for the case of King Sejo, there has been interests in various academic fields not only the Confucianism but also for phonology, medicine and others, and it is confirmed to display the flexibility on Buddhism with intent to facilitate the same. In the first half of the Joseon Dynasty, the studies on the Confucius Classics were perceived as important, but the literary composition was also emphasized by the political request. The period from King Seongjong to King Jungjong had the documents collected and maintained by the proposal of Yang Seong-ji and others. During the reign of King Jungjong, Jo Gwang-jo, Kim An-guk and others initiated the dispersion of Confucianism books and expansion of Hyangyak (self-regulated community rules) to change the social trend. Due to the Gimyosahwa, such a trend was momentarily declined, but the Sinjinsalim (newly emerged Confucius scholars) that maintained the Confucius ideology made steady growth and the Seungyuoekbul policy strenuously implemented by King Seongjong and others cut down on Buddhist practices from the base to duly carry out the transition process to convert into a Confucianism state. This is the content reviewed in relation to the record of 『Gukjobogam』, particularly with respect to Gyeongsul. Again, this is to provide certain point of view to confirm the reason that the first half of the Joseon Dynasty would not have the Commentary on Confucius Classics that sustained the Confucian view point. In a simple way to put it, it may be stated as the immaturity of the Confucius academic view point. To put it a simpler way, there was no problem to advance to a government position through national examination or accepted as the socially intellectual class without high level of economic or academic accomplishment. In addition, there has been non-existence of the standard interpretation to be the standard of objective assessment in the past. With the time passages from Toegye Yi Hwang to Miam Yoo Hee-chun to reach to the time of Yulgok Yi Yi, the interpretation for standard Gyeongseo Eonhae (Korean annotation of the Confucian Classics) that is equipped with certain vision would be enabled when the ideological or linguistic outcomes are accumulated to completely understand the documents in Confucianism. Furthermore, the movement to unify the ideologies of Joseon Dynasty emerged only after building up the historic condition to demand the ideological unification after passing the national chaotic period under the name of two major Imbyeongyangran (two major national crises of Imjinoiran and Byeongjahoran). With the 16th century as the starting point, the Commentary showed explosive increase with the intrinsic background of such time and the pertinent issues related to the Gyeongseo Eonhae will be contemplated in details in later article.