개항기 세관제도에 관한 연구 - 중국 하문(厦門)의 경우를 중심으로 -

Abstract

The history of East Asian opening of a port is history of audacious invasion of the Great Powers of West. The modern age countries in the west equiped political, economical, social conditions of imperialism and was absorbed in scientific and systematic colony extension policy. Gradual and systematic colony exploitation policy was connected through deprivation of tariff sovereignty by an unequal treaty and overall plunder by concession and joint concession establishment, finally, was met an all-out war between the Great Powers. Of course, it was self-evident truth that suffering invasion state completely impoverished and was burnt to the ground. These remnants of compulsion and occupation has remained in present, and hard to take away that remnants. Such historic truths even equalize new plunder history of new great power states by neo-liberalism with unequal history of past age opening a port. To analyze and reflects on power system of past unequal history, makes it to see right freakish history of supremacy. Ching government which contracted Nanjing treaty to setback of Opium War opened 5 port by the treaty at past plunder and supremacy age. Specially, the Great powers of West did to approve various rights and new free trade and give up existing trading system to Ching government. These open ports increased continually since, and form of new open ports appeared, which was traded between these open ports and that was expanded gradually. Xiamen city is situated across Taiwan island of Fujian province in China, which is one among 5 open port towns that is opened by Nanjing treaty with Shanghai and Guangzhou. ‘The customs of Xiamen’ was established in 1862, was called that was ‘The new customs’ comparing with ‘The Minnan maritime customs Xiamen Port Office’ that was taking charge of the customs business at that time. The Minnan maritime customs Xiamen Port Office's function was dwindled gradually by establishment of this 'The new customs', and the name changed by ‘The ordinary custom’ later. Business was shrunk so that manage trade of common vessel too. ‘The ordinary custom’ was reverted in ‘The new customs’ finally in 1901, and can speak that is time of loss of full-sale custom sovereignty from this time. The new customs institution's establishment by the Great Powers of West came to tuning point that is important in Xiamen customs colonialization.