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통상조약에 나타난 해양관련 조항과 海禁의 해체 - 제1, 2차 아편전쟁을 중심으로 -

Ocean-related Clauses Shown on Commercial Treaties and Disintegration of Maritime Restrictions in the Latter Years of Qing

조세현
중국사학회|2014.06|중국사연구 (CHUNGGUKSA YONGU; The Journal of Chinese Historical Rsearches)|제90호|pp. 201-237

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참고문헌

키워드

해군해운청말해금해관海禁통상조약海關海運海軍鍵詞: 淸末通商條約

초록

The emergence of modern treaty system in the wake of the Opium War meant the disintegration of China's maritime restrictions. This article, noting ocean-related clauses as shown on the treaties -emergency rescue, measuring coastal waters, shipping, the navy, maritime customs- analyzed major treaties and examined the process whereby images of the 'ocean' in the latter years of the Qing Dynasty changed to modern ones. A number of commercial treaties entered into at that time were mostly related with trade, containing so many ocean-related clauses such as the maritime customs, shipping, the navy. And these treaty clauses represented the process in which ocean-related international and domestic laws of Western powers were applied in the oceans in China. Disintegrating process of maritime restrictions by Western powers was not made all at once. Though the Chinese were not able to get the modern perception of the ocean immediately through conclusions of treaties following the first Opium War, they gradually began to have new perception of the ocean through additional treaties made via the second Opium War. As such, signing of unequal treaties rather awakened the Chinese to have a new concept of the ocean sovereignty different from the past.

Abstract

The emergence of modern treaty system in the wake of the Opium War meant the disintegration of China's maritime restrictions. This article, noting ocean-related clauses as shown on the treaties -emergency rescue, measuring coastal waters, shipping, the navy, maritime customs- analyzed major treaties and examined the process whereby images of the 'ocean' in the latter years of the Qing Dynasty changed to modern ones. A number of commercial treaties entered into at that time were mostly related with trade, containing so many ocean-related clauses such as the maritime customs, shipping, the navy. And these treaty clauses represented the process in which ocean-related international and domestic laws of Western powers were applied in the oceans in China. Disintegrating process of maritime restrictions by Western powers was not made all at once. Though the Chinese were not able to get the modern perception of the ocean immediately through conclusions of treaties following the first Opium War, they gradually began to have new perception of the ocean through additional treaties made via the second Opium War. As such, signing of unequal treaties rather awakened the Chinese to have a new concept of the ocean sovereignty different from the past.

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