19세기 후반(1860~1895) 대만 개항체제의 성립과 대만사회의 변화
The Opening of Taiwan and Transformation of Taiwan Society in Late 19th Century(1860~1895)
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This article aimed to probe the historical background, process and aftermath of the opening of Taiwan's treaty port in the late 19th century, and I could find out several unique characters relating to Taiwan's opening. First, Taiwan's opening was mainly more derived from economic factor than any other facors, like political or strategic factors. Especially, Many foreign traders perceived that Taiwan local authorities' intervention into the transportation of camphor and opium encroached the economic interests of the two exports, and the opening of some ports in Taiwan and 'free trade' was essential to their economic interests. Second, Taiwan's opening was also very unique in that the opening included two additional ports(Keelung and Takow). This extraordinary phenomenon happened because of the two groups' compromise. One was Western Merchants, who already have some commercial infrastructure in the two ports before the opening, and so didn't want to lose the foundations after the opening. The other was Chinese central government, who thought that additional opening would bring it more revenues. Taiwan society, especially Taiwan's local officials' attitude toward was usually negative. The most probable reason was that the coming of foreign merchants and introduction of western culture(including christianity) could easily increase the possibility of social instability. Moreover, the coming of foreign merchants could destroy the equilibrium between local officials and local elite. foreign powers' 'gunboat diplomacy' and the various configuration of powers between local officials, local elites and foreign power, as illustrated in process of camphor monopoly, clearly demonstrated the implication of the port opening. Finally, since the opening, the rapid development of the hinterland and the realization of commercial potential(especially in the north region of Taiwan) stimulated the 'Northward Movement' of economic and political center, transition of core port, and the formation of Taibei three towns.
Abstract
This article aimed to probe the historical background, process and aftermath of the opening of Taiwan's treaty port in the late 19th century, and I could find out several unique characters relating to Taiwan's opening. First, Taiwan's opening was mainly more derived from economic factor than any other facors, like political or strategic factors. Especially, Many foreign traders perceived that Taiwan local authorities' intervention into the transportation of camphor and opium encroached the economic interests of the two exports, and the opening of some ports in Taiwan and 'free trade' was essential to their economic interests. Second, Taiwan's opening was also very unique in that the opening included two additional ports(Keelung and Takow). This extraordinary phenomenon happened because of the two groups' compromise. One was Western Merchants, who already have some commercial infrastructure in the two ports before the opening, and so didn't want to lose the foundations after the opening. The other was Chinese central government, who thought that additional opening would bring it more revenues. Taiwan society, especially Taiwan's local officials' attitude toward was usually negative. The most probable reason was that the coming of foreign merchants and introduction of western culture(including christianity) could easily increase the possibility of social instability. Moreover, the coming of foreign merchants could destroy the equilibrium between local officials and local elite. foreign powers' 'gunboat diplomacy' and the various configuration of powers between local officials, local elites and foreign power, as illustrated in process of camphor monopoly, clearly demonstrated the implication of the port opening. Finally, since the opening, the rapid development of the hinterland and the realization of commercial potential(especially in the north region of Taiwan) stimulated the 'Northward Movement' of economic and political center, transition of core port, and the formation of Taibei three towns.
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