인천 지역 무당집단의 형성과 특징

Abstract

In this paper, I explore the characteristics of shaman community through the research of the history of shaman communities and their networks. I focus on the shaman community in Incheon. I examine the making process of the shaman community and its characteristics, the relationships of the Spirit-mother and Spirit-daughter and of the shaman and the musician, and the musical change by the shaman community. Incheon was originally the territory of the hereditary shamans who transmitted their family vocation until the 1980s. After the Korea War, however, the shamans in Hwanghae Province came down to Incheon and became to gain the power in the city. The Hwanghae shaman ritual was designated as the Intangible Cultural Heritage by the government and became the cultural icon of Incheon. Today, Hwanghae shamans can be grouped in several communities centering some so-called Human Treasuers. As the shaman community has changed from the tradition, the shamans have begun transmitted their arts through contemporary educational systems like the college lesson style. The musicians have detached from the shaman's world since they were designated as the Human Treasure of the mask dance in the 1970s. Due to the lack of the professional male musicians, female musicians became the major accompanists of the shaman ritual these days. The shaman's songs in Hwanghae shamanism have regional or school derivation. The ushering song, for example, is different from shaman to shaman in their tempo and musical characteristics. The musical difference is based on the school rather than region.