반계 유형원의 公田制論과 그 이념적 지향

Abstract

The Gongjeonje which is the core of Yu Hyeong-won's general reformation plan implicates an innovative project over agriculture and land problems. This plan, a counter-policy against the proliferation of private land-owning, is a new project applying the ideas of 1) the concurrence of agriculture and military service based on the Jeongjeon Policy, 2) the tenth-taxation over total revenue, and 3) Gyeongmyo Rule which is a traditional easurement based on Han Dynasty's module. The Gongjeonje is constituted so that economy, society, and administration would be in a single good operative chain; it actualizes the publicity of national institutes and ideology of protecting petty peasantry by issuing people of land in appropriate quantity. The land ownership was vested in government in order to clarify the public nature of land as a principal source of social income; this reflects the goal of making a reciprocal relation between public business and land distribution. Peasants under Gongjeonje was delegated as standard military service pool; their allotted land per capita(one gyeong) is about 4,518.66- 4,940.68 pyong and this is considered as a guarantee of the minimum living standard and as a most effective level of labor input. Single military serviceman is conscribed out of every four Gongjeon peasants and the rest three remain reserve force. Yu, Hyeong-won booked the form and content of land list; he also sought for administrative efficacy by applying the tenth-taxation method. The estimated revenue as a result of Gongjeonje is enormous, up to 1) about 450,000 du(300,000 seok) in harvest, and 2) about 620,000 members of regular force; the former is about ten times of peacetime and fifteen times of current time, while the latter is about three times of peacetime and seven time of current time. This proves that Yu, Hyeong-won, by renovating the national administrative system, tried to fulfill double targets; he boosted both tax revenue and military force as well as stablized and morally ameliorated public livelihoods. Yu's claim of Gongjeonje is an active redistribution policy based on the principles of public tenure and this can be titled a "grand plan" to realize a dream of prosperity and military power.