반계 유형원의 공전․사전론과 공전제 계보
Bangyae Yu Hyeong-Weon's theory on Gongjeon(公田)․Sajeon(私田) and the genealogy of his Gongjeonje(公田制)
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Bangyae Yu Hyeong-Weon(磻溪 柳馨遠)'s Gongjeonje(公田制, public land system) was a reformative theory to reform the conflicts of the land system in the 17th century of Chosun dynasty. At that time, farmers and the public finance were in worse position because of the prevalent private landownership, which Bangyae planned to reform. In the theory, Bangyae pointed Sajeon(私田) as a main cause of the disorder of the land system. In other words, Bangyae's theory was started from the prevailing landownership in the 17th century of Chosun dynasty, and aimed at construction of the nation based on Gongjeonje which could guarantee the landownership of farmers. However, some scholar(based on the colonial view of history) who insisted the theory of state landownership in Chosun dynasty appreciated Bangyae's Gongjeonje differently. They basically didn't acknowledge the private landownership in Chosun, so that maintained that Bangyae's theory not only was on a succession of the state landownership, but also aimed at strengthening the state's dominance of land. In this perspective, they estimated that the landownership of Chosun was in stagnant stage in comparison to the modem style of landownership. However, the modern style of landownership is the latest one, but not the last and finished one. Bangyae's theory of the nation based on Gongjeonje, which was planned to solve conflicts of landownership in the 17th century of Chosun Dynasty. Moreover, the landownership that he conceived was the style of nation ownership. Instead, acknowledging the prevalent private landownership at that time, he made elaborate plans to distribute land to farmers equally. Additionally, he intended to raise Sa(士) who had been the dominant owner of land as the professional bureaucracy. In these respects, Bangyae was one of the Silhak scholars(實學者) who took the perspective of landownership of the East a step further.
Abstract
Bangyae Yu Hyeong-Weon(磻溪 柳馨遠)'s Gongjeonje(公田制, public land system) was a reformative theory to reform the conflicts of the land system in the 17th century of Chosun dynasty. At that time, farmers and the public finance were in worse position because of the prevalent private landownership, which Bangyae planned to reform. In the theory, Bangyae pointed Sajeon(私田) as a main cause of the disorder of the land system. In other words, Bangyae's theory was started from the prevailing landownership in the 17th century of Chosun dynasty, and aimed at construction of the nation based on Gongjeonje which could guarantee the landownership of farmers. However, some scholar(based on the colonial view of history) who insisted the theory of state landownership in Chosun dynasty appreciated Bangyae's Gongjeonje differently. They basically didn't acknowledge the private landownership in Chosun, so that maintained that Bangyae's theory not only was on a succession of the state landownership, but also aimed at strengthening the state's dominance of land. In this perspective, they estimated that the landownership of Chosun was in stagnant stage in comparison to the modem style of landownership. However, the modern style of landownership is the latest one, but not the last and finished one. Bangyae's theory of the nation based on Gongjeonje, which was planned to solve conflicts of landownership in the 17th century of Chosun Dynasty. Moreover, the landownership that he conceived was the style of nation ownership. Instead, acknowledging the prevalent private landownership at that time, he made elaborate plans to distribute land to farmers equally. Additionally, he intended to raise Sa(士) who had been the dominant owner of land as the professional bureaucracy. In these respects, Bangyae was one of the Silhak scholars(實學者) who took the perspective of landownership of the East a step further.
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