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개발도상국의 기후변화적응과 개발 간 통합모형에 관한 연구

A Study of Integration Models between Climate Change Adaptation and Development for Developing Countries

김동원
한국행정연구원 (The Korea Institute of Public Administration)|2018.06|한국행정연구 (The Korean Journal of Public Administration)|제27권 제2호|pp. 243-275|DOI 10.22897/kipajn.2018.27.2.009

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참고문헌

키워드

기후변화Climate Change국제개발협력International Development Cooperation기후변화적응Climate Change Adaptation
주제분류행정학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 개발이론과의 관계 속에서 발전한 기후변화 적응이론의 현주소를 진단하고방향성을 찾는 것이다. 즉 개발도상국의 현안 이슈로서 기후적응과 개발협력의 효과를 동시에향상시키려는 목적의 통합모형들을 분석하고 비교한다. 각 모형 탄생의 역사적 배경, 모형의내용과 의의, 그 한계를 평가하였다. 적응과 개발은 패러다임 경쟁을 하면서 적응이 개발의 일개요소(기후검증모형), 개발과의 화학적 결합(지역사회기반 적응모형), 지속가능한 개발의 효과를증진하는 촉진자 역할(지속가능 적응모형), 개발의 굴레에서 피지배층을 해방시키는 역할(비판적적응모형)을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 개발도상국이 선택할 수 있는 적응의 접근방법에는 크게인식론적 불확실성을 감소하거나 권력구조적 불평등을 감소하는 방식이 있으며, 이것이 실현될수 있는 정치적 현실성에 따라 현실적 인식론(기후검증), 이상적 인식론(지역사회기반 적응), 현실적 권력구조론(지속가능 적응), 이상적 권력구조론(비판적 적응)으로 구분될 수 있다. 현재주류는 지속가능 적응모형으로서 취약성의 근본 원인을 권력구조의 불균형에서 찾으면서 변혁적적응을 대안으로 제시하고 있다. 적응이론은 그 주류 모형을 계기로 독자적 영역으로 발전할것으로 기대되지만 ‘변혁’의 개념적 모호성과 변혁의 하향식 관점으로 인해 이에 대한 비판적모형의 견제는 여전히 잠재되어 있다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to diagnose the current situation of the theory of climate change adaptation developed in relation with development theory and to find its direction. In other words, I analyzed and compared the integrated models proposed by the literature to simultaneously improve the effects of climate adaptation and development cooperation in developing countries. The historical background of each model, the content and significance of the model, and its limitations were evaluated. In academia, adaptation appeared to have paradigmatic competition with development in 4 proposed models including one of development elements (Climate Proofing), a chemical combination with development (Community-based Adaptation), a facilitator role in promoting the effects of sustainable development (Sustainable Adaptation), and a role in liberating the subjugated class in the developmental process (Critical Adaptation). Developing countries have a choice of adaptive approaches to reduce epistemic uncertainty or to reduce power-structural inequalities, depending on the political realities that can be realized. It includes realistic epistemology (Climate Proofing), ideal epistemology (Community-based Adaptation), realistic power structure theory (Sustainable Adaptation), and ideal power structure theory (Critical Adaptation). At present, the mainstream is Sustainable Adaptation Model, suggesting transformative adaptation as an alternative to finding the root cause of vulnerability in the imbalance of power structure. The theory of Climate Change Adaptation is expected to develop into an independent realm with the mainstream model, but Critical Adaptation holds a critical view on the conceptual ambiguity of ‘transformation’ and its top-down viewpoint.

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