한국인의 기후변화 위험인식 유형에 따른 소통방안
Communication Strategies Corresponding to the Typology of Koreans’ Perception on Climate Change Risk
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일반인이 인식하는 위험은 전문가가 정의하는 위험과는 달리 개인의 경험이나 심리적 요인, 미디어를 포함하는 사회문화적 요인 등이 복합적으로 작용하여 결정되는 경향이 있는데, 기후변화위험도 예외는 아니다. 본 연구에서는 기후변화 위험에 관한 효과적인 정책 추진을 위해 한국인의 기후변화 위험 관련 인식을 분석하여 인식 유형을 정의하고 각 유형에 대한 효과적인 소통 방안을 제시하였다. 먼저 심층면접을 통해 기후변화 및 기후위험을 둘러싼 다양한 문제에 관한 일반인의 인식현황을 파악하고 차이를 보이는 주요 영향변수를 추출하였다. 추출된 변수들을 중심으로 설문지를 구성하여 설문조사를 실시하고, 그 결과로 얻은 응답 데이터를 이용하여 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 군집분석을 거쳐 기후위험에 관한 인식 집단을 분류하였다. 분류된 군집들에 대해 인구통계학적변수 및 인식 관련 변수들과의 교차분석을 통해 각 군집의 특성을 정의하였다. 군집분석 결과, 개인차원 문제인식해결 군집, 적극적인 문제인식해결 군집, 소극적인 문제인식해결 군집의 세 군집으로 한국인의 기후변화 위험 인식 유형을 분류하였다. 공중상황이론을 적용하여 각 군집에 대해 문제인식과 제약인식의 정도를 파악하고 이와 함께 각 군집에 관해 정의된 특성 정보를 바탕으로 적절한 소통방안을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Risk perception of the laypeople, unlike that of the experts, is largely influenced by personal experiences and mentality as well as sociocultural factors including media, which is also applied to the climate risk perception. The purpose of this study is to investigate a typology of Koreans’ perception on climate risk and suggest appropriate communication strategies to each perception type for the effective policy processes on climate risk. We elicited the potential variables that affect the perception related to climate risk by semi-structured in-depth interviews. Using the data obtained from the following surveys structured by the variables, we categorized the respondents with three groups by conducting factor analysis, reliability analysis, and cluster analysis. Then, we finally elicited the typology of Koreans’ perception on climate risk by analyzing the differences in demographic and perceptive factors among the groups using chi-square test and ANOVA. The result of the analysis represented the three types of Korean in climate risk perception: individual group, active problem-facing group, and passive group. By applying the situational theory of publics, we suggested appropriate communication strategies to each perception type based on the level of problem and constraint recognition, and the characteristics investigated in the typology analysis.
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