Effect of Chlorella vulgaris intake on cadmium detoxification in rats fed cadmium
2
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The aim of this study was to investigate if dietary Chlorella vulgaris (chlorella) intake would be effective on cadmium (Cd) detoxification in rats fed dietary Cd. Fourteen-week old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 415.0 ± 1.6 g were randomly divided into two groups and fed slightly modified American Institute of Nutrition-93 Growing (AIN-93G) diet without (n=10) or with (n=40) dietary Cd (200 ppm) for 8 weeks. To confirm alteration by dietary Cd intake, twenty rats fed AIN-93G diet without (n=10) and with (n=10) dietary Cd were sacrificed and compared. Other thirty rats were randomly blocked into three groups and fed slightly modified AIN-93G diets replacing 0 (n=10), 5 (n=10) or 10% (n=10) chlorella of total kg diet for 4 weeks. Daily food intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weight (liver, spleen, and kidney), perirenal fat pad and epididymal fat pad weights were measured. To examine Cd detoxification, urinary Cd excretion and metallothonein (MT) concentrations in kidney and intestine were measured. Food intake, calorie intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weight and fat pad weights were decreased by dietary Cd intake. Urinary Cd excretion and MT concentrations in kidney and small intestine were increased by dietary Cd. After given Cd containing diet, food intake, calorie intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weights and fat pad weights were not influenced by dietary chlorella intake. Renal MT synthesis tended to be higher in a dose-dependent manner, but not significantly. And chlorella intake did not significantly facilitate renal and intestinal MT synthesis and urinary Cd excretion. These findings suggest that, after stopping cadmium supply, chlorella supplementation, regardless of its percentage, might not improve cadmium detoxification from the body in growing rats.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate if dietary Chlorella vulgaris (chlorella) intake would be effective on cadmium (Cd) detoxification in rats fed dietary Cd. Fourteen-week old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 415.0 ± 1.6 g were randomly divided into two groups and fed slightly modified American Institute of Nutrition-93 Growing (AIN-93G) diet without (n=10) or with (n=40) dietary Cd (200 ppm) for 8 weeks. To confirm alteration by dietary Cd intake, twenty rats fed AIN-93G diet without (n=10) and with (n=10) dietary Cd were sacrificed and compared. Other thirty rats were randomly blocked into three groups and fed slightly modified AIN-93G diets replacing 0 (n=10), 5 (n=10) or 10% (n=10) chlorella of total kg diet for 4 weeks. Daily food intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weight (liver, spleen, and kidney), perirenal fat pad and epididymal fat pad weights were measured. To examine Cd detoxification, urinary Cd excretion and metallothonein (MT) concentrations in kidney and intestine were measured. Food intake, calorie intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weight and fat pad weights were decreased by dietary Cd intake. Urinary Cd excretion and MT concentrations in kidney and small intestine were increased by dietary Cd. After given Cd containing diet, food intake, calorie intake, body weight change, body weight gain/calorie intake, organ weights and fat pad weights were not influenced by dietary chlorella intake. Renal MT synthesis tended to be higher in a dose-dependent manner, but not significantly. And chlorella intake did not significantly facilitate renal and intestinal MT synthesis and urinary Cd excretion. These findings suggest that, after stopping cadmium supply, chlorella supplementation, regardless of its percentage, might not improve cadmium detoxification from the body in growing rats.
참고문헌 (49)
- Akesson A, "Cadmium-induced effects on bone in a population-based study of women", Environ Health Perspect, 114, pp.830~834 (2006)
- Belyaaeva EA, "Mechanism of primary Cd2+-induced rat liver mitochondria dysfunction: discrete modes of Cd2+ action on calcium and thiol-dependent domains", Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 192, pp.56~68 (2003)
- Bobillier-Chaumont S, "Metallothionein induction in the liver, kidney, heart and aorta of cadmium and isoproterenol treated rats", J Appl Toxicol, 26, pp.47~55 (2006)
- Bonda E, "Testicular toxicity induced by dietary cadmium is associated with decreased testicular zinc and increased hepatic and renal metallothionein and zinc in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus)", Biometals, 17, pp.615~624 (2004)
- Brouwer M, "A putative glutathione-binding site in CdZn-metallothionein identified by equilibrium binding and molecular-modelling studies", Biochem J, 294, pp.219~225 (1993)
- Casalino E, "Molecular inhibitory mechanism of antioxidant enzymes in rat liver and kidney by cadmium", Toxicology, 179, pp.37~50 (2002)
- Choi JH, "Effects of green tea catechin on cadmium accumulation in chronic cadmium poisoned rats", The Korean Journal of Nutrition, 34, pp.384~392 (2001)
- Coogan TP, "Cadmium-induced DNA strand damage in cultured liver cells: reduction in cadmium genotoxicity following zinc pretreatment", Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 113, pp.227~233 (1992)
- Eaton DL, "Determination of metallothionein in tissue by cadmium-hemoglobin affinity assay", Methods Enzymol, 205, pp.83~88 (1991)
- Eaton DL, "Evaluation of the Cd", Hb affinity assay for the rapid determination of metallothionein in biological tissue, 1982, pp.66, 134~142
- Friberg L, "Cadmium and the kidney", Environ Health Perspect, 54, pp.1~11 (1984)
- Goyer RA, "Intracellular sites of toxic metals", Neurotoxicology, 4, pp.147~156 (1983)
- Goyer RA, "Metal-protein complexes in detoxification process. In Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Toxicology", pp.199~209 (1984), Academic Press
- Gropper SS, "The antioxidant nutrients, reactive species, and disease. In: Advanced nutrition and human metabolism 4th edition", pp.368~377 (2004), Thomson Wadsworth
- Guzman S, "Antiinflammatory, analgesic and free radical scavenging activities of the marine microalgae Chlorella stigmatophora and Phaeodactylum tricornutum", Phytother Res, 15, pp.224~230 (2001)
- Han JG, "The present status and future of Chlorella", Food Science and Industry, 35, pp.64~69 (2002)
- Huang Z, "Growth-inhibitory and metal-binding proteins in Chlorella vulgaris exposed to cadmium or zinc", Aquat Toxicol, 91, pp.54~61 (2009)
- Hussain T, "Effects of cadmium on superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation in liver and kidney of growing rats: in vivo and in vitro studies", Pharmacol Toxicol, 60, pp.355~359 (1987)
- 김용호, "Effect of Chlorella on Metallothionein Synthesis and Binding Capacity of Cadmium in Cadmium Poisoned Rat Liver and Kidney", 대한의생명과학회지, 12(1), pp.23~27 (2006), 대한의생명과학회
- International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC), "International agency for research on cancer monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risks to humans. Beryllium, cadmium, mercury, and exposures in the glass manufacturing industry", Intl Agency Res Cancer, 58, pp.119~237 (1993), ARC Scientific Publications
- Itokawa Y, "Renal and skeletal lesions in experimental cadmium poisoning: Histological and biological approaches", Arch Environ Health, 28, pp.149~154 (1974)
- Jarup L, "Cadmium overload and toxicity", Nephrol Dial Transplant, 17, pp.35~39 (2002)
- Jay D, "Study of the interation of cadmium with membrane-bound succinate dehydrogenase", J Bioenerg Biomembr, 23, pp.381~389 (1991)
- Kagi JHR, "Metallothionein: a cadmium- and zinc-containing protein from equine renal cortex", J Biol Chem, 235, pp.3460~3465 (1960)
- Kim HJ, "Effect of hesperidin extracted from tangerine peel on Cd and lipid metabolism, and antioxidative capacity in rats", The Korean Journal of Nutrition, 32, pp.137~149 (1999)
- 김미지, "만성 카드뮴 중독 흰쥐에서 카드뮴 축적과 배설에 미치는 Vitamin E의 영향", 한국영양학회지, 36(7), pp.691~698 (2003), 한국영양학회
- 김용호, "Effect of Chlorella Diet Supplementation on Blood and Urine Cadmium Levels in Cadmium Poisoned Rats", 대한의생명과학회지, 9(3), pp.3~137 (2003), 대한의생명과학회
- Kunimasa M, "Chlorella accelerates dioxin excretion in rats", J Nutr, 129, pp.1731~1736 (1999)
- Kwon OR, "Effect of dietary protein and calcium levels on metallothionein and histopathological changes during cadmium intoxication in rats", The Korean Journal of Nutrition, 25, pp.360~378 (1992)
- Lange A, "Alterations of tissue glutathione levels and metallothionein mRNA in rainbow trout during single and combined exposure to cadmium and zinc", Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 131, pp.231~243 (2002)
- Lee YK, "Industrial uses of algae", Korean Journal of Applied Microbiology and Bioengineering, 15, pp.19~24 (2002)
- Li W, "Alterations in cytoskeletal protein sulfhydryls and cellular glutathione in cultured cells exposed to cadmium and nickel ions", Toxicology, 77, pp.65~79 (1993)
- Lopez E, "Cadmium induces reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation in cortical neurons in culture", Free Radic Biol Med, 40, pp.940~951 (2006)
- Merchant RE, "A review of recent clinical trials of the nutritional supplement Chlorella pyrenoidosa in the treatment of fibromyalgia, hypertention, and ulcerative colitis", Altern Ther Health Med, 7, pp.79~91 (2001)
- Morita K, "Chlorella accelerates dioxin excretion in rats", J Nutr, 129, pp.1731~1736 (1999)
- Muller L, "Consequences of cadmium toxicity in rat hepatocytes: mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation", Toxicology, 40, pp.285~295 (1986)
- Nordberg GF, "Cadmium and health in the 21st century-historical remarks and trends for the future", Biometals, 17, pp.485~489 (2004)
- Onosaka S, "Comparison of metallothionein determination by polarographic and cadmium-saturation methods", Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 63, pp.270~274 (1982)
- Park JY, "Effect of dietary protein and cysteine levels on cadmium toxicity in rats", The Korean Journal of Nutrition, 29, pp.261~471 (1996)
- Revis NW, "The relationship of dietary protein to metallothionein and cadmium-induced renal damage", Toxicology, 20, pp.323~333 (1981)
- Sandy T, "Low cadmium exposure triggers a biphasic oxidative stress response in mice kidneys", 236, pp.29~41 (2007)
- Shaikh ZA, "Oxidative stress as a mechanism of chronic cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity and protection by antioxidants", Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 154, pp.256~263 (1999)
- Shim JA, "Effect of Chlorella intake on Cadmium metabolism in rats", 석사, pp.2008
- Waisberg M, "Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis", Toxicology, 192, pp.95~117 (2003)
- Watjen W, "Zn2+ and Cd2+ increase the cyclic GMP level in PC12 cells by inhibition of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase", Toxicology, 157, pp.167~175 (2001)
- World Health Organisation(WHO), "Chapter 6.3 Cadmium. In: Air Quality Guidelines - second edition", World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, 1~11 (2000)
- Yoon YH, "Effect of Korean green tea, oolong tea and black tea beverage on the antioxidative detoxification in rats poisoned with cadmium", The Korean Journal of Nutrition, 27, pp.1007~1017 (1994)
- Yoshida N, "Identification and characterization of heavy metal-resistant unicellular algae isolated from soil and its potential for phytoremediation", Bioresour Technol, 97, pp.1843~1849 (2006)
- Zinterhofer LTM, "Atomic absorption determination of lead in blood and urine in the presence of EDTA", J Lab Clin Med, 78, pp.664~674 (1971)