도시화 과정에서 서울 지역 마을 공동체의 지속 요인과 변화 양상 – 성북구 정릉공청회를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper exammines a specific case of Jeongneung 2-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, with a focus on the Jeongchinhoe (Jeongneung Association) during the Japanese colonial period.After liberation, the Jeongneung-Gongcheonghoe went through a process of property formation and reorganization. Additionally, the Jeongneung-Daedongchinmoghoe(Fellowship Association), which expanded its reach by incorporating the senior citizens' association, and adapting to the influx of migrants during urbanization, and the Jeongneung-Gongcheong-Chinmoghoe, which emphasized traditionality after the implementation of local autonomy, are examined. Through this analysis, the relationship between sustainable strategies and the changing situation of the village community in Jeongneung 2-dong, which has persisted from the Japanese colonial era to the present, as well as common property, is explored. The Jeongchinhoe, also known as the Jeongneung-Chinmoghoe, was established in 1915 during the Japanese colonial period as a friendly circle of local leaders in the Jeongneung area. However, after the construction of the Gongcheong in 1930, it gradually transformed into a village community in Jeongneung-ri. After liberation, a new public office was built to replace the one that had been destroyed during the Korean War, and the land on which the Gongcheong was built was acquired to establish basic property. Furthermore, the reconstruction of the Jeongneung-Gongcheonghoe began with the enactment of new rules and regulations. Although the membership qualifications were expanded from ‘local leaders’ to ‘residents’ in the rules and regulations, the members of the Jeongneung-Gongcheonghoe at that time were already composed of mainland residents, specifically. elite members focused on natives. However, they possessed property rights to the basic property of Jeongneung-Gongcheonghoe, which served as a mechanism to differentiate them from migrants in the future development of Jeongneung-Gongcheonghoe. As urbanization progressed, the massive influx of migrants demanded changes to the traditional village community organization of Jeongneung-Gongcheonghoe. The Jeongneung-Gongcheonghoe accommodated the senior citizens’ association, a public system, to reduce costs. Additionally, while using the senior citizens' association and the Gongcheong together, some immigrants were also accommodated to expandits reach. Furthermore, the Jeongneung-Daedongchinmoghoe was reestablished to maintain a sense of community organization. However, even within the Jeongneung-Daedongchinmoghoe, latent discrimination between natives and immigrants persisted as long as members of the Jeongneung-Gongcheonghoe, who possessed property rights to basic property, coexisted. Since 2001, with the support of the Seongbuk-gu Office for local traditional culture, and through the process of changing the management team of Jeongneung-Daedongchinmoghoe from 2018, the Jeongneung-Daedongchinmoghoe has attempted further changes. Specifically, the name was changed to ‘Jeongneung-Gongcheong-Daedonghoe’, to emphasize continuity with the previous Jeongneung-Gongcheonghoe, and added sansinje to the rules and operating rules or made a separate ‘Bongjehoe Rule’ to emphasize the tradition of Jeongneung-Gongcheong-Daedonghoe. In addition, they tried to correct the tradition by revisiting the leadership of the Sanshinje(sacrifice to the god of the mountain), which had been passed on to the the old people's association. The emphasis on the traditionality of the Jeongneung-Gongcheong-Daedonghoe was evident not only in the rules but also in the Sanshinje, which led to the Jeongneung-Gongcheong-Daedonghoe's attempt to continue the village rites and include them in the institutional system. However, during discussions on how to handle the Gongcheong in anticipation of redevelopment, conflicts arouse between the natives residents and the migrants within the community. The criteria for natives were divided based on the 1959 Gongcheong completion record, with those who entered after that date being treated as migrants. This is related to the presence or absence of property rights. Therefore, common property not only contributes to the continuity of the village community, but also becomes a source of conflict as it creates a distinction between natives and immigrants. Ultimately, the issue of how to handle this common property in the future becomes an important task that affects the existence of Jeongneung-Gongcheong-Daedonghoe.