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기능성 유지자원으로서의 들깨(Perilla frutescens var. frutescens)의 이용과 가치

Uses and Values of Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens) as a Functional Oil Source

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초록

지난 40 여년간 한국인의 식이지방의 섭취는 하루 17 g에서46 g으로 약 2.5배 이상 증가하였다. 들깨는 ALA를 풍부하게 함유한 전통적인 식량자원이다. 대부분의 식물유에 풍부한 LA (ω-6)의 체내 대사물인 AA로부터 생성되는 생리물질은 혈전, 동맥경화, 염증증상 등의 불리한 생리적 작용을 유발한다. 반면에 ALA의 대사산물인 EPA는 AA와 경쟁적으로 작용하여 궁극적으로바람직한 방향으로 생리적 균형을 유지하도록 한다. 그러나 들깨유는 특성상 산화되기 쉬워 저장성과 상품성이 제한적이다. 최근 유전공학을 이용하여 적절한 수준의 ω-6/ω-3 지방산의 비율을 갖는 품종육종이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 이러한 기술은 기능성과 저장성이 우수한 들깨유를 생산하기 위한 유지자원 개발에 적용할 수 있을 것이다. 덧붙여, 들깨에 항산화물질의 강화는 들깨유의 기능을 강화하는 대안 전략으로 고려될 수 있다.

Abstract

The Korean daily intake of vegetable oils has increased about 2.5-fold from 17 g/day to 46 g/day for the lastseveral decades. Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. frutescens) has been cultivated in Korea for a long time as a dietary oil seedwhich has the highest content of α-linolenic acid, accounting for nearly 60%. It is known that the main role of ALA is as aprecursor to the longer-chain ω-3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the metabolic productsof α-linolenic acid (ALA, ω-3). Dietary ω-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation and the risk of chronic diseases such as heartdisease, cancer, and arthritis, but they also may act as functional components for cognitive and behavioral function. Thus, α-linolenic acid is one of the essential nutrients in modern dietary patterns in which much linoleic acid is consumed. Nevertheless, perilla oil, rich in α-linolenic acid, can be easily oxidized, giving rise to controversies with respect to shelf life,the deterioration of the product’s commercial value, and further related toxicity. Recent research using genetic modificationshas tried to develop new plant oil seeds that balance the ratio of ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids. Such trials could be a strategy forimproving an easily oxidizable property of perilla oil due to high α-linolenic acid. Alternatively, appropriate application ofantioxidant to the oil can be considerable.

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