Anti-skin Aging Potential of Alcoholic Extract of Phragmites communis Rhizome
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Chronological aging and photoaging affect appearance, causing wrinkles, pigmentation, texture changes, and lossof elasticity in the skin. Phragmites communis is a tall perennial herb used for its high nutritional value and for medicinalpurposes, such as relief from fever and vomiting and facilitation of diuresis. In this study, we investigated the effects ofethanol extract of P. communis rhizome (PCE) on skin aging. The total flavonoid and total phenolic content in PCE were2.92 ± 0.007 ㎍ of quercetin equivalents (QE) and 231.8 ± 0.001 ㎍ of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per 100 ㎎ of driedextract (n = 3). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of PCE for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities were 0.96 and 0.97 ㎎/mL, respectively. PCE showed inhibitoryeffects on tyrosinase when L-tyrosine (IC50 = 1.25 ㎎/mL) and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (IC50 = 0.92 ㎎/mL) wereused as substrates. PCE treatment up to 200 ㎍/mL for 24 h did not cause any significant cytotoxicity in B16F10melanocytes, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and HaCaT keratinocytes. In B16F10 melanocytes, PCE (25 and 50 ㎍/mL) inhibited melanin production and cellular tyrosinase activity after challenge with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone(α-MSH; p < 0.05). In HDFs, PCE suppressed the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and reducedthe activity of elastase (p < 0.05). In addition, ultraviolet B (UVB)-mediated downregulation of hyaluronic acid synthase-2gene expression in HaCaT keratinocytes was also effectively suppressed by PCE treatment. Overall, our results showed thatPCE has potential anti-skin aging activity associated with the suppression of hyperpigmentation, wrinkle formation, andreduction in dryness. PCE is a promising candidate for the development of an anti-skin aging cosmetic ingredient.
Abstract
Chronological aging and photoaging affect appearance, causing wrinkles, pigmentation, texture changes, and lossof elasticity in the skin. Phragmites communis is a tall perennial herb used for its high nutritional value and for medicinalpurposes, such as relief from fever and vomiting and facilitation of diuresis. In this study, we investigated the effects ofethanol extract of P. communis rhizome (PCE) on skin aging. The total flavonoid and total phenolic content in PCE were2.92 ± 0.007 ㎍ of quercetin equivalents (QE) and 231.8 ± 0.001 ㎍ of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per 100 ㎎ of driedextract (n = 3). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of PCE for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities were 0.96 and 0.97 ㎎/mL, respectively. PCE showed inhibitoryeffects on tyrosinase when L-tyrosine (IC50 = 1.25 ㎎/mL) and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (IC50 = 0.92 ㎎/mL) wereused as substrates. PCE treatment up to 200 ㎍/mL for 24 h did not cause any significant cytotoxicity in B16F10melanocytes, human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and HaCaT keratinocytes. In B16F10 melanocytes, PCE (25 and 50 ㎍/mL) inhibited melanin production and cellular tyrosinase activity after challenge with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone(α-MSH; p < 0.05). In HDFs, PCE suppressed the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and reducedthe activity of elastase (p < 0.05). In addition, ultraviolet B (UVB)-mediated downregulation of hyaluronic acid synthase-2gene expression in HaCaT keratinocytes was also effectively suppressed by PCE treatment. Overall, our results showed thatPCE has potential anti-skin aging activity associated with the suppression of hyperpigmentation, wrinkle formation, andreduction in dryness. PCE is a promising candidate for the development of an anti-skin aging cosmetic ingredient.
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