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중국의 중앙아시아 전략과 중국-카자흐스탄의 경제협력: 현황과 전망

China’s Central Asian Strategy and Economic Cooperation between China and Kazakhstan

신범식|예브게니 홍
아시아연구소|2015.02|아시아리뷰 (Asia Review)|제4권 제2호|pp. 181-204

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중국중앙아시아Central AsiaChina카자흐스탄Kazakhstaneconomic cooperation경제협력상하이협력기구(SCO)신실크로드 경제협력 이니셔티브New Silk Road Economic Belt
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

중국의 5세대 지도부로의 교체에도 불구하고 중앙아시아가 지닌 전략적 이익으로 인해 중국이 중앙아시아 지역과 협력 관계를 강화하려는 전반적인 대외정책 상의 기조는 변하지 않을 것으로 보인다. 오히려 상하이협력기구(SCO) 등의 다자협력 기제를 적극적으로 활용하고 “소프트 파워”를 통한 ‘주변외교’를 강화하려는 추세를 보이고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 카자흐스탄은 중국 서부의 접경국으로서 에너지와 수송·물류 부문에서 중국의 주요한 협력 파트너로 꼽히고 있다. 물론 이르티슈 강의 수자원을 둘러싼 잠재적인 분쟁과 신장-위구르 자치구의 성장에 따른 양국 간의 경쟁 가능성이 경제협력에어떠한 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것인지가 상당히 논쟁적이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 내정 간섭을 배제하는 중국의 방침과 상호공유할 수 있는 경제적 이익의 존재는 향후 카자흐스탄-중국 간의 협력 관계가 심화될 것을 예상하게 한다.

Abstract

The new leadership of PRC will continue strengthening strategicpartnership with the Central Asian countries by using multilateralmechanisms such as SCO and the Silk Road Economic Belt, as well asbilateral cooperation based on mutually beneficial interests, especially in thefield of economic development. The “fifth generation” will also adhere tothe path of “peaceful development” and introduce diverse diplomatic means,particularly soft power diplomacy. In this regard, Kazakhstan can sharesome advantages of cooperation with China, especially in the energy andtransportation sector. However, there also exist several controversial aspectsin Kazakhstan-China cooperation: potential conflicts on the distribution ofwater resources, pollution problems of trans-boundary rivers, particularlythe Irtysh River, and competition for FDI between Almaty and Xinjiang inthe region. Nonetheless, deepening economic relations between Kazakhstanand China is expected due to the principle of non-interference into internalaffairs, common strategic interests and similar vision on key internationalissues. For Kazakhstan, cooperation with China will be an opportunity tofurther diversify its economy and reach new markets by developing efficienttransport infrastructure and favorable conditions for investors.

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