부패인지에 미치는 영향요인 연구: 한국과 아시아의 경험을 중심으로
Determinants of Corruption Perceptions: A Comparative Analysis of Asian Experiences
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부패에 관한 이론적 쟁점은 주로 지대추구를 중심으로 지속적으로 이어져 왔지만, 부패의 속성 자체가 복합적인 현상이며 진단하기가 쉽지 않기 때문에 경험적인 연구는 상대적으로 제한되어 왔다. 이와 같은 맥락에서 본 연구는 부패에 영향을 미치는 요인을 미시와 거시 차원에서 통합하여 이에 관한 분석틀을 새롭게 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 국가별 횡단분석 으로 부패형성의 공통분모를 추출하고 한국을 포함한 아시아의 경험에 대한 사례연구를 시도한다. 회귀분석결과, 부패가 형성되는 과정에서 구조적 및 주관적 차원이 함께 연관되어 있으며 경제성장, 시민사회, 개인주의 효과에 주목할 수 있다. 맥락분석에서는 지배층의 부패에 대한 사회구성원들의 평가가 매우 부정적이며, 반부패 노력에 관한 한 정부보다 시민사 회의 역할이 더 필요하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 부패청산에 대한 진단은 경제성장의 효과와 함께 자유시장의 원리에 위임하 는 방향이 필요하다는 자유주의 시각이나 시장실패를 조정하고 제어할 수 있는 국가의 역할이 중요하다는 보수주의 시각 을 넘어서 통합적인 관점으로 정립하는 작업이 시급함을 말해 주며, 이에 관한 질적인 연구를 향후 과제로 남기고 있다.
Abstract
As the theoretical issues of corruption come from the perspective of rent-seeking and since there is no simple relationship of the causes and consequences in corruption, there is difficulty in designing a research plan. Given the very limited empirical research on this topic, this study attempts to explore the determinants of corruption perceptions, utilizing a new approach on the framework of corruption. Combining both the macro and micro dimensions against this backdrop, the analysis involves the testing of common parameters of the mechanisms. The regression results show that economic growth, civil society, individualism function similarly when measured using an objective and a subjective yardstick. Primary findings in a case study show that the public does not have confidence in the government’s anti-corruption efforts, and corruption exacerbates the perceived unfairness which in turn contributed to the negative perception of the dominant class. It suggests that a matching device for the state and civil society, as a focal point for development, reduces the perception of corruption. This makes it a more comprehensive scheme beyond both liberalism and conservatism, and addresses not just a particular aspect. Further advances in the study of corruption require a qualitative analysis on the structural embeddedness of corruption in society.
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