『尙書』에 보이는 갑골점복 고찰 — 최근 발견된 출토자료와의 비교분석을 중심으로 —

Abstract

This study contrasted and examined specifically the content related to divination with bones and tortoise carapaces in the current version of Shangshu with a focus on the archeologically excavated materials on the divination with bones and tortoise carapaces and the volumes recently published related to Shangshu on Tsinghua bamboo slips. The findings shed new light onto the following aspects: First, In Wooseo·Daewoomo, there is a part depicting divination with a tortoise carapace in the conversations between King Shun and Wooui. Given the archeological artifact materials, it was during the Period 2 of Lower Part of River Yiri Culture, which falls in early Shang, that divination with a tortoise carapace first appeared, which means the concerned content in Shangshu and Wooseo·Daewoomo was added later and has some distance from the actual situations of the times when King Shun and Wooui were active. Second, the current version of Juseo·Geumdeung, which contains both Geummun and Gomun, is substantially the same as Geumdeung on Tsinghua bamboo slips in content. The former has content about divination with bones and tortoise carapaces, whereas the latter has no such content which demonstrates that the content of divination with bones and tortoise carapaces was added later in the formation process of current version of Juseo·Geumdeung. Third, there was content much different from the actual situations in the formation process of current version of Shangshu. Some content related to divination with bones and tortoise carapaces, however, offers some clues to reproduce the divination process with bones and tortoise carapaces during Shang and Zhou and estimate the existence of the custom. Fourth, the content of divination in Shangshu mainly focused on late Shang and early Western Zhou with the higher percentage of it related to Jugong. There were such divination-related terms as Bok, Myeong, Jeom, Seo, Gil, Hyung, and Gu and such divination-related content as Heaven's will, transfer of capital, management of new towns, recruitment of officials, enactment of commercial law, conquest of East, politics, death in prison, and diseases. Finally, "Myeongwal" of Juseo·Daego has a similar use to "Jeong" of Eunheo inscriptions on bones and tortoise carapaces. The use is easily found in Sagi and Guchaekryeoljeon. The "Myeongwal" structure was used during Han or Warring States period and does not fit the Shang and Zhou period. Based on those discussions, the study demonstrated that some parts of current version of Shangshu were edited later in the transmission process although there was no doubt it contained the historical facts of Shang.