文獻의 원형과 인용, 그리고 재창조 ─淸華本『傅說之命中』의 내용과 사상적 경향을 중심으로─

Abstract

In 2010, Tsinghua University (淸華大學) published the first volume of Qinghua daxue Zhanguo Chuzhushu (淸華大學藏戰國楚竹書) that had recently been recovered from an excavation site and purchased by the university(hereafter referred to as “Qinghuajian (清华简)”). The book includes documents related to Shangshu (尙書), one of the first classic cannons. Two years later, in December of 2012, the university published the third volume of Qinghuajian, which included the original text of one of the chapters from Shangshu (尙書) “Yueming (說命)”. In this paper, I will analyze the second among the three subchapters of Yueming (說命) text of Qinghuajian by comparing it to other primary sources and citations. The final goal of this paper is to trace the ideological underpinnings of the forgery. Through this, we can expect to point out the way in which the original version of documents was used and cited in other literature and to observe the intentions behind the forgery through the process of reconstructing it. In the ear of Pre-Qin (Before BC 221), there were several citations of Yueming (說命), including in Guoyu (國語), entitled “Chuyu shang (楚語上)”, and in chapters in Liji (禮記) entitled “Ziyi (緇衣)” and “Sangfusizhi (喪服四制)” , and chapters of the Mozi (墨子) entitled “Shangxian (尙賢)” and “Shangtong (尙同)”. In light of this, the most important thing is that even though these citations are used the same contents or phrases of Yueming (說命), these citations are used by the intention of the author or the compiler. Therefore, these citations could make a new context unlike the original version of Yueming (說命). For example, if we look at the Guoyu (國語) entitled “Chuyu shang (楚語上)”, the perspective on learning and ghosts is quite different from that of Confucian thoughts in the period of Pre-Qin. The author at that time wrote the chapter on Yueming (說命) based on the “Chuyu shang (楚語上)”, in The Guoyu (國語), but the author intentionally removed elements that were contradictory to Confucianism. Finally, the author was successful to re-create Confucian texts as a complete form by using the story of Wuding (武丁) and Fuyue (傅說) and other citations. In conclusion, the forger not only voluminously investigated and gathered documents in the Pre-Qin period, but also summarized them from a Confucian perspective. In the process of doing so, the forger’s academic intention and ideology were strongly reflected to the book.