漢과 匈奴의 화친에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) − 北强南弱(B.C.198~B.C.133) 시기를 중심으로 −

Abstract

This paper will examine the alliance relation between the Han and the Hunnu in the Shi Ji and the Han Shu. These two historical records use the term hwach’in ( hé qīn 和親) in the international tribute relation. The author also used the same term, alliance ‘화친(和親)’, alliance relation ‘화친관계’, alliance treaty ‘화친조약. likewise’ 1. The alliance relation between the Han and the Hunnu can be divided into three periods. ❶ the tribute-alliance period: When the Hunnu in the north was powerful while the Han in the south was weak, the Han sent a tribute to the powerful Hunnu. It 65 years from BC 198 to BC 133. ❷ the warfare period when the Han became strengthened and two powerful nations broke the alliance and had a warfare from BC 133년 to BC 52 for 81 years. ❸ the control alliance period when the Hunnu experienced the severe split and struggle and assumed the vassal to the powerful Han from BC 52 to AD 8 for 60 years. 2. In the tribute-alliance period, the weak Han carried the following to the powerful Han to keep the alliance. In the period when the north and the south stayed in the same powerful state. there was no alliance but warfare. I will deal with the two periods in another thesis. 3. In the tribute-alliance relation, the Han paid a tribute to the Hunnu as a vassal state. However, the Han was not the local state of the Hunnu or the history of the Han did not belong to that of the Hunnu. Meanwhile, in control-alliance relation, while the Hunnu pretended to be a vassal or subject state which is the dependent system used by the People’s Repubilc of China, the Hunnu was the local state or belonged to the history of the Han. Two amity treaties were the international relation to prevent the warfare and to keep the peace between the powerful nation and the weak nation. tribute-alliance and control-alliance should be the important meatures to discern the characteristics of the investiture and the tribute in the foreign relation in ancient Korea society.