‘한양성곽’의 세계유산 가치와 등재방안 ― 한양도성, 연융대성, 북한산성을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

The Hanyang Fortifications are a group of three castles located in the center of the city of Seoul, the capital of modern-day South Korea. Since ancient times, cities in East Asia have served not only as urban defense and vigilance facilities, but also as symbolic bases for the king's authority as a royal castle. Building on this tradition, the Joseon Dynasty, founded in the late 14th century, built and maintained a city castle in its capital, Hanyang. However, in the 18th century, due to the unrest in the international situation and to strengthen the royal authority, Hanyang City was rebuilt and Bukhansanseong was built behind it, and the Hanyang Fortifications was finally completed by having Yeonryongdaeseong to connect and protect the two fortifications. Despite falling twice due to international wars in the 16th and 17th centuries, Hanyang Fortifications has maintained its original position for five centuries, forming the physical boundaries, defense system, and cityscape of the capital. Hanyang Fortifications has three main World Heritage values. First, Hanyang Fortifications is an example of a dual defense system that was applied to protect the castle in peacetime and wartime under the ideology of Yeomin Gongsu, and is a unique evidence of the capital defense system of the medieval dynasties on the Korean Peninsula. Second, Hanyang Fortifications is a unique type of Korean peninsula capital castle that connects the city, hinterland mountain castle, and gateway castle into one, marking an important stage in the development of the East Asian city-state system. Third, Hanyang Fortifications is a castle built by applying the organic land concept and sacred mountain perception that the energy of Baekdusan, the eternal mountain of the people, reaches the main vein of the city through the Baekdudaegan, demonstrating a unique aspect of the construction and management system of capital castles in East Asia.