브라질의 대의제 민주주의와 참여의 문제: 정당과 시민사회를 중심으로
The Problem of Representative Democracy and Participation in Brazil: Focusing on Political Parties and Civil Society
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In this paper, I examined the problems of representation and participation by approaching the forms of participation realized in Brazil from the two aspects of party and civil society. Among the Brazilian political parties analyzed in the text, only the workers' party had a relatively horizontal policy-making structure. Most of the remaining political parties were undergoing a vertical policy-making process. It was also difficult to find state and local autonomy because central power was concentrated on policy decisions and financial aspects. In this vertical and inelastic structure, it was difficult to reflect the voters' citizenship. In some respects, the communication of the general public was almost impossible. There are three main types of participation in Brazil. Among the three types, the participatory budget system has a social distribution function through a bottom - up approach. But the most powerful authority was in the field of urban planning, which was not ratified. Participation in any form was limited in the extent and level of participation. Electronic voting, including SNS, has also been widely used to make up for this situation, in terms of education, income level and age group. Although participation is being expanded through various systems, it is analyzed that it is hard to bring positive results unless the will to participate is basically firm. Brazil, which has the highest level of participation globally, has also found that Western democracy is on the same line as being faced with the reality. Brazil, where participation and deliberative democracy have expanded, can no longer be said to represent the opinions and interests of the people.
Abstract
In this paper, I examined the problems of representation and participation by approaching the forms of participation realized in Brazil from the two aspects of party and civil society. Among the Brazilian political parties analyzed in the text, only the workers' party had a relatively horizontal policy-making structure. Most of the remaining political parties were undergoing a vertical policy-making process. It was also difficult to find state and local autonomy because central power was concentrated on policy decisions and financial aspects. In this vertical and inelastic structure, it was difficult to reflect the voters' citizenship. In some respects, the communication of the general public was almost impossible. There are three main types of participation in Brazil. Among the three types, the participatory budget system has a social distribution function through a bottom - up approach. But the most powerful authority was in the field of urban planning, which was not ratified. Participation in any form was limited in the extent and level of participation. Electronic voting, including SNS, has also been widely used to make up for this situation, in terms of education, income level and age group. Although participation is being expanded through various systems, it is analyzed that it is hard to bring positive results unless the will to participate is basically firm. Brazil, which has the highest level of participation globally, has also found that Western democracy is on the same line as being faced with the reality. Brazil, where participation and deliberative democracy have expanded, can no longer be said to represent the opinions and interests of the people.
참고문헌 (33)
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