유럽연합(EU)의 기후변화에 대한 정책과 법제도

Abstract

Efforts by the EU to reduce greenhouse gases are evident in the 2020 climate and energy package, the EU's strategy since Copenhagen, the EU's 2030 climate energy policy framework, the 2050 roadmap for a low-carbon economy, and the EU's response to climate change. In this sense, despite the failure of the Copenhagen Accord, the European Union's leadership in the response to climate change can be attributed to such active efforts by Member States to implement climate change policies. As a result, it is undeniable that the European Union has shown considerable performance in greenhouse gas reduction. However, the European Union's attempt to address the goal of GHG reduction by means of a market mechanism such as emissions trading is not complete. Market mechanism solutions presuppose market completeness, but as the global financial crisis of 2008 shows, there is always the possibility of market failure. European NGOs who have witnessed the fact that polluters are still making a lot of money on emissions trading system are still shouting out the system. The introduction of carbon tax can have a negative impact on the economy. The important thing is how to offset the negative effects. In addition, the introduction of carbon tax should not be discussed as a means to reduce existing income tax or corporation tax. The use of carbon taxes as resources for energy conversion and green economy conversion seems to be quite persuasive. In the European Union, some countries, such as Germany, are phasing out the disposal of carbon subsidies. There should be no illusions about emissions trading or carbon taxes. In this regard, it seems necessary to mix policy such as reduction of carbon subsidies, but it should be noted that there is also concern about policy failure due to mixed policy. In the end, greenhouse gas reduction is a goal that is not easy to achieve without touching the issue of the transition of the current system that is fundamentally pursuing economic growth.