발달장애인의 지원고용 직무 환경에서 사회적 통합의 의미와 사회적 통합 증진 방안
Meanings and Promoting Strategies of Social Inclusion for Workers with Developmental Disabilities at Supported Employment Settings
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목적: 본 연구의 목적은 발달장애인의 지원고용 직무 환경에서 사회적 통합 관련 국내외 문헌들을 고찰하여 그 연구 개관을 밝히고, 사회적 통합의 의미를 명료화하기 위해 사회적 통합의 지표와 정의 및 사회적 통합 증진 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 연구방법: 국내외 학술데이터 베이스에서 발달장애인의 지원고용 직무 환경에서의 사회적 통합과 관련해서 지난 30년(1990-2019)간 학술지에 출판된 논문 31편을 선정해 통합적 문헌고찰 방법(integrative review)으로 분석하였다. 연구결과: 선정된 31편 논문의 전반적인 연구 개관을 살펴본 후 발달장애인의 직무 환경에서 사회적 통합을 나타내는 지표 4가지를 추출하였고, 이를 기초로 사회적 통합의 정의를 제공하였다. 나아가 직무 환경에서 발달장애인 근로자의 사회적 통합의 증진 방안을 8가지로 제시하였다: ⑴ 발달장애인 근로자 배치 전직장문화 파악; ⑵ 발달장애인 근로자의 직무 구조화; ⑶ 발달장애인 근로자의 직무 외 사회적 참여촉진; ⑷ 동료 근로자의 장애 인식 개선; ⑸ 발달장애인 근로자 대상 사회성 기술 교수; ⑹ 발달장애인 근로자 지원을 위한 동료 근로자 개입 중재; ⑺ 직무지도원이 제공하는 지원의 점진적 소거; ⑻발달장애인 근로자의 질 높은 근무여건 보장. 결론: 이 연구는 국내에선 처음으로 발달장애인의 직무환경에서의 사회적 통합에 초점을 둔 국내외 연구 분석을 통해 사회적 통합의 지표와 정의를 제시하면서 사회적 통합의 의미를 명료화하고 사회적 통합 증진 방안을 구체적으로 제시한 점에 의의가 있다. 지원고용 및 경쟁고용을 통해 통합 직무 환경에서 비장애인과 함께 일하는 발달장애인 근로자의 사회적 통합 증진을 위해 현 시점에서 고려할 지침, 개선할 사항, 후속연구를 위한 제언 및 연구의 의의를 제공하였다.
Abstract
Purpose: Workers with developmental disabilities(DD) still have a difficulty with social inclusion at work, even if they have become physically included at workplaces in the community. This study reviewed the studies related to social inclusion of workers with DD at supported employment settings. The meanings of social inclusion at work and strategies for enhancing social inclusion of workers with DD were provided through the integrative literature review. Method: The total of 31 studies related to social inclusion at supported employment settings, published from 1990 to 2019 were selected according to the selection criteria. Results: After analyzing the overall content of 31 selected articles, four indicators for social inclusion at the workplace were identified, and the definition of social inclusion was proposed. Furthermore, eight strategies were proposed to promote social inclusion of workers with DD at the workplace: identification of workplace culture prior to the placement of workers with DD; job structuring for workers with DD; promote social participation beyond the job of workers with DD; improving disability awareness of co-workers without disabilities; teaching social skills to workers with DD; co-workers’ interventions for workers with DD; fading of supports provided by job coaches; ensuring quality working conditions for workers with DD. Conclusion: Some guidelines and suggestions were indicated for special education teachers, vocational trainers, support employment specialists and policy makers to apply the strategies to improve social inclusion of workers with DD at the workplace.
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