바울에 대한 “새 관점”, 무엇이 문제인가?
A Critical Review of 'New Perspective on Paul' What is at Stake of 'New Perspective on Paul'?
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이 논문은 “새 관점”(the New Perspective on Paul)의 대표적인 주창자인 샌더스(E.P. Sanders) 던(James D.G. Dunn), 라이트(N.T. Wright)의 핵심적인 아젠더를 중심으로 새 관점의 장단점을 분석하는데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이 논문이 주장하고 있는 논지는 세 가지이다. 첫째, 새 관점의 공통적 기반을 형성하고 있는 샌더스의 유대교 재구성은 제 2성전 시대의 유대교문헌이 보여주고 있는 다양성을 충분하게 반영하지 못하고 있다. 둘째, 새 관점의 바울서신 해석의 열쇠로 내세웠던 던의 ‘율법’ 및 ‘율법의 행위’에 대한 사회학적인 재해석은 바울서신에 나타나고 있는 바울의 율법 및 율법의 행위에 대한 신학적 용법을 충분하게 반영하지 못하고 있다. 셋째, 바울의 칭의구원론을 새 관점에서 재해석하려는 라이트의 ‘하나님의 의’에 대한 언약론적 및 교회론적인 해석은 바울 서신에 나타나고 있는 하나님의 의에 대한 구원론적인 의미를 반영하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 이 논문은 새 관점의 대표적인 주창자인 샌더스, 던, 라이트의 제 2성전시대의 유대교 및 바울서신에 대한 재구성 및 재해석은 제 2성전시대의 유대교는 물론 바울서신을 잘못 반영하거나 곡해하고 있다고 결론내리고 있다.
Abstract
This article attempts to provide a critical review of the 'New Perspective on Paul'(NPP), focusing on the major agenda of EP Sanders, James Dunn and Tom Wright, who are currently the most outstanding advocates of the NPP. Although the article recognizes that the NPP has suggested some new insights on the role of the covenant and the law within Second Temple Judaism (STJ), as well as on the social (horizontal) meaning of the law and the righteousness (of God) in the Pauline epistles, it basically exposes the fundamental weaknesses of the NPP as follows:Firstly, Sanders' reconstruction of STJ as "covenantal nomism" is one-sided, because more recent investigations of the STJ show that both covenantal nomism and legalism coexist within the STJ, especially in eschatological teachings. Secondly, Dunn's sociological re-interpretation of the law and works of the law as a national identity or boundary markers of Jews is one-sided, because Paul basically uses the Jewish law or the works of the law as the representative of the entire Jewish law which is demanded to obey generally. Thirdly, Wright's covenantal and ecclesiological re-interpretation of the righteousness of God is one-sided, because the basic meaning of the righteousness of God in the Pauline letters is soteriological more than both covenantal and ecclesiological. Therefore, the article concludes that the NPP misunderstands and misrepresents not only STJ but also Paul.
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