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조나단 에드워즈의 성령론: 성도의 경건한 삶에서의 역사

Jonathan Edwards on the Work of the Holy Spirit in the Godly Life of a Saint

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한국개혁신학회 (Korea Reformed Theology Society)|2020.02|한국개혁신학 (Korea Reformed Theology)|제65권 |pp. 10-50|DOI 10.34271/krts.2020.65..10

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참고문헌

키워드

성령성결에드워즈거룩

초록

그 동안 학자들은 조나단 에드워즈의 성령론에 관해 다양한 관점에서 연구해 왔다. 어떤 학자들은 부흥과 관련해서 에드워즈가 이성주의자들과 과격한 열광주의자들 사이에서 균형 잡힌 성령론을 세웠음에 초점을 맞추었다. 또 다른 학자들은 성령께서 구속사에서 행하신 일을 삼위일체적인 관점에서 분석했다. 따라서 이러한 연구는 성령의 구원하는 은혜, 불신자의 회심, 그리고 삼위 하나님과 사람의 연합 등에 관심을 기울였다. 또 다른 주제는 에드워즈의 "마음의 감각"의 철학적 배경과 기초였다. 이 연구들은 주로 에드워즈와 로크의 연관성에 주의를 기울려 구명하려고 했다. 이 논문의 목적은 에드워즈의 성령론의 철학적 또는 형이상학적 배경을 연구하는 것이 아니다. 오히려 이 논문은 성령의 실천적이고 역동적인 사역에 더 관심을 기울인다. 에드워즈에게 있어서 은혜는 단지 개혁주의자들이 주장하는 죄 용서만도 아니고, 가톨릭주의자들이 주장하는 선을 행할 수 있는 능력도 아니다. 에드워즈에게 은혜는 성령 자체다. 성령은 신자의 마음에 내주하시면서, 신자들이 하나님의 영광과 기쁨을 위해 살게 하시고, 삼위 하나님과 친밀한 교제를 누리게 하신다. 따라서 이 논문은 성령께서 신자의 마음속에서 행하시는 역사에 대한 에드워즈의 사상을 연구한다. 특히, 성령의 초자연적인 은사나 현상에 대한 에드워즈의 생각과 성령의 은혜의 사역에 대한 그의 강조점을 비교하려고 한다. 비록 에드워즈가 초자연적인 영적 현상의 역사적인 실재에 대해 잘 알고 인정하기도 했지만, 그는 한 편에서는 교회가 마귀의 미혹하는 역사에 주의를 기울이도록 경고했으며, 다른 한편에서는 성령께서 그의 은혜로 신자의 영혼을 거룩하고 경건하게 하시는 실제적인 역할을 강조했다.

Abstract

Scholars have studied Edwards’s pneumatology with diverse interests and focuses. Some focus on his middle ground in the revival disputes between the rationalism represented by Charles Chauncy and the enthusiasm or emotionalism of James Davenport. Others are more interested in the Trinitarian analysis concerning the work of the Holy Spirit in redemption. They usually focus on the saving grace of the Holy Spirit, conversion of unbelievers, and the bond of humanity with the Trinitarian God. Another subject matter with which scholars are entranced is the philosophical background and foundation of Edward’s thoughts on “sense of the heart.” They observe that, unlike other contemporary theologians, Edwards did not understand religion as correct doctrine or doctrinal confession but sought after “spiritual sensation” or the “sense of the heart.” This is, they argue, the influence of Locke, who distinguished between perceiving and preferring or willing. They also believe that Edwards was intrigued by Locke’s doctrine of the simplicity of the ideas of sense. The purpose of this paper is not digging out the philosophical and metaphysical background of Edwards’ thoughts on the Holy Spirit. Instead, this paper is more interested in the practical and dynamic work of the Holy Spirit. For Edwards, grace is not merely the forgiveness upon which the Reformers insisted, nor the ability to do good as the Catholics claimed, but the Holy Spirit Himself. Dwelling in the heart of believers, He enables them to live for God’s glory and pleasure and to have intimate communion with the Trinitarian God. This essay will examine Edwards’ thoughts on the work of the Holy Spirit in the hearts of the saints. In particular, it will attempt to compare his idea on the extraordinary gifts or phenomena with his emphasis on the gracious work of the Holy Spirit. Even though he acknowledges the historical facts and the reality of extraordinary spiritual phenomena, Edwards, on the one hand, alerts the church to the detrimental works of the Devil that confuse and delude people; on the other hand, he prefers to accentuate the practical role of the Holy Spirit in making the souls of believers holy and pious with his grace.

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