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19세기 미국 장로교회 사역자들의 신유운동과 그 영향 : 신유-속죄 신학을 중심으로

Divine Healing Movement of Nineteenth-Century American Presbyterian Ministers and Their Influences: Focusing of Healing-atonement Theology

한동수
한국개혁신학회 (Korea Reformed Theology Society)|2021.08|한국개혁신학 (Korea Reformed Theology)|제71권 |pp. 269-313|DOI 10.34271/krts.2021.71..269

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참고문헌

키워드

은사주의Pentecostal Movement오순절 운동A. B. Simpson신유운동신유-속죄이론윌리엄 보드먼A. B. 심슨로버트 스탠턴Divine Healing MovementHealing-Atonement TheoryWilliam BoardmanRobert StantonCharismatic Movement.

초록

20세기에 일어난 오순절 운동과 은사주의 운동에서 중요한 부분을 차지하는 것 중의 하나는 신유사역이다. 그런데, 신유운동가들 중에는 이 사역을 속죄신학과 연결시키려 하고, 그 역사적인 근거를 19세기 후반 장로교회 목사들의 신학과 사역에서 찾으려 하는 이들이 있다. 그리하여 이 논문은 신유-속죄 신학을 주창하기 시작한 19세기 장로교회 사역자들의 사역과 신학을 전반적으로 살펴보고, 그것이 후대에 어떤 영향을 미치게 되었는지 연구하는 데에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본고는 네 가지 중심 이슈를 차례로 논의한다. 첫째, 19세기 미국 교회 안에서 신유운동이 발생한 신학적, 사회적 배경을 가장 먼저 개관한다. 둘째, 윌리엄 보드먼, 앨버트 B. 심슨, 그리고 로버트 스탠턴 등 세 명의 첫 장로교 신유 사역자들이 어떻게 그들의 사역과 신학을 발전시켰는지 그들의 원자료를 중심으로 자세히 논의한다. 셋째, 세 장로교 사역자들의 신학이 20세기에 오순절 교단과 은사주의자들, 그리고 개혁교회들에 의해 어떻게 평가되었는지 살펴본다. 마지막으로, 그들의 신학적인 특징을 평가하고, 이를 현재의 한국 교회 상황에 간략히 적용한다.

Abstract

Divine-healing has held a significant position in the Pentecostal Movement and the Charismatic Movement in the twentieth century, whose practices have infiltrated into Korean local churches. In the meanwhile, some have tried to map their ministries onto the atonement theology and tracked down their root from the theologies of nineteenth-century American Presbyterian healing ministers. In response to those situations and attempts, this article aims to examine the first three Presbyterians who initiated healing-atonement theories in the nineteenth century, and their influences on the contemporary American Church. On this purpose, it focuses on the discussion of four major subject matters. At first, it takes a look at the theological and social background of the 19th-century American church and society, where the healing movement burgeoned. Second, it delves into how the first three Presbyterians, including William Boardman, A. B. Simpson, and Robert Stanton, developed their healing ministries and theology. The third part of this article is to disclose how their theories have been actively accepted or critically rejected by the Pentecostal Movement, the Charismatic Movement, and Reformed theologians. Lastly, based on the sequence of these examinations, an analytic criticism on their theology and influence is presented, with a brief proposal for the Korean Church.

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