受動文の動作主体と不特定主体の助詞用法に関する考察

Abstract

This study is obtained by analyzing types of particles that unspecified agent and agent of passives take, and the characteristics of semantic. After summarizing types of particles that agent takes and their characteristics of sematic, these are followed:First, if 「に」 takes only a case-particle in agent, it means the impact on the Y which is the subject of a passive sentence with an operating entity X, and as the behavior subject and the subject are closely related to each other, it is when the Y in the passive sentence acts as a 「受け手」. And, for verbs of thinking and feelings and emotions, they fulfill their role as the principal action X is realizing the situation still an active sentence, therefore particle 「に」 is used in the operation subject X. This moves from the operation subject X to Y, and then 「から」 particle can be used to reach Y. Second, from the standpoint of being a source of coming from action or operation of the X, characteristic of semantic of particle 「から」 is that it mainly takes behavior particle 「から」and because it also acts as the operation subject, it is also possible to use particle of 「に」. Third, characteristics of semantic particle of 「によって」 is related to a case of creational consequences where as a result of the intentional behavior subject as a verb of type 「創る」, an incident that has not occurred yet may happen. Rearranging the characteristics semantics and types of particle that unspecified entity take, cases are in the following. I found that when X is used as the unspecified subject in the passive sentence, inanimated noun come to X and Y mainly, there is no action or intention to X in the realization of the situation, and it did not have any effect on the target. Therefore, for the particle that is used to the unspecified subject like this, I could see that there are many variations depending on the characteristics of X and Y and the that of semantic of verbs in the statement, and also the characteristics of semantic has been changed.