도덕경 58장 ‘是以聖人 方而不割’에 관한 재해석
Reinterpretation of ‘是以聖人 方而不割’ in chapter 58 of Tao Te Ching
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도덕경 58장을 기존의 방식으로 해석하는 경우 앞과 뒤의 단락이 연결이 되지 않기 때문에 ‘是以聖人’이후의 문장을 재해석하여 이러한 문제를 해결하였다. 즉, ‘聖人方而不割’에 관한 기존의 해석은 ‘是以 雖 聖人方 而 聖人不割人’이었으나, ‘是以 聖人 사물方 而 不割方’으로 해석하면 연결의 문제를 해결될 수 있다. ‘是以 聖人 사물方 而 不割方’의 방식을 취하는 해석서에서 ‘光而不燿’에 관해서 ‘燿’를 ‘빛날 요’로 하여 ‘빛이 있다고 하여도 비추지 않는다.’라고 하였으나, 이는 ‘燿’를 ‘녹일 삭’으로 하여 ‘빛이 난다고 어둡게 하지 않는다.’라고 해석하여야 한다. 이러한 해석방식이 맞는다면 58장은 노자의 정치 이념을 설명하는 장이라기보다는 모든 자연현상은 변화하기 때문에 이에 대처하여 현재 상태로 예단하여 행동하지 않아야 한다는 것을 주장한 장이라고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
When chapter 58 of Tao Te Ching is interpreted in existing method, paragraphs are not connected between paragraph before ‘是以聖人’ and its after. So, by reinterpreting paragraphs after ‘是以聖人’, such problem was solved. That is, ‘聖人方而不割’ was interpreted in ‘是以 雖 聖人方 而 聖人不割人’ in the past. The problem of connection between paragraphs before and after ‘是以聖人’ can be solved by interpreting in ‘是以 聖人 thing 方 而 不割方’. In some annotated editions where ‘是以聖人 方而不割’ is interpreted in ‘是以 聖人 thing 方 而 不割方’, ‘燿’ in ‘光而不燿’ is interpreted in ‘give forth light without shining.’ - here, Yo‘燿’ means 'shining'. But it should be interpreted in ‘gives forth light without blinding.' - here, Sak‘燿’ means 'to melt'. If this interpretation is right, it can be said that rather than explaining political ideology of Lao-tzu, chapter 58 asserts that as all the natural phenomena change, one does not act by prediction based on present situation to respond to it.
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