북한의 리더십 구조와 경제개혁: 베트남 및 루마니아 사례와의 비교 분석
North Korea’s Leadership Structure and Post-Socialist Transition: Comparing with the Cases of Vietnam and Romania
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이 논문은 성공적인 탈(脫)사회주의 경제이행의조건들을 북한, 베트남 및 루마니아 사례 비교연구를 통해 찾아보고, 이를 바탕으로 북한 경제개혁부진의 원인을 규명한다. 시민사회가 성숙되지 않은 전(前)사회주의 국가에서는 이행 전 통치 리더십 구조가 개혁 자발성(自發性)의 강도를 결정하며, 후자는 탈사회주의 이행성과를 좌우한다. 북한의 개혁부진은 정치 책임성이 낮은 리더십 구조에서 연유한다. 그러나 북한에서도 집단지도체제가 인치형 일인지배를 대체하여 당과 정부의 귀책제도들이 활성화된다면 개혁지도부가 등장할 가능성도 배제할 수는 없다.
Abstract
This article aims to explore the favorable conditions for successful post-socialist transitions to market economies and to unearth the underlying causes of North Korea’s under-reform and ill economic performance. It demonstrates that the pre-transition leadership structures in the former-communist countries decides the intensity of reform initiative, which, in turn, determines the paths and outcomes of post-Socialist reforms. North Korea’s under-reform and poor economic performance can be thus explained by its ruling structures with characteristically low political accountability.
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