조선 전기 청기와의 제작과유약 원료의 수급문제

Abstract

In the early Joseon Dynasty, Blue Roof-tiles were used to decorate the outer buildings of Gyeongbokgung palace mainly, and its use was restricted also for the inner buildings of the palace. During the years in the reigns of King Sejo and King Seongjong, Blue Roof-tiles were also used for temples, such as Wongaksa, Bongseonsa, and Jangeuisa temples. Later in 1505 (King Yeonsangun 11) and 1506 (King Yeonsangun 12), the roofs of Inyangjeon hall and the queen’s place in Changgyeonggung palace, Injeongjeon hall and Seonjeongjeon hall of Changdeokgung palace, and Tangchundae, which was used as a royal villa, and a pavilion of Jangeuisa temple were also decorated with blue tiles. As described, the use of Blue Roof-tiles in the early Joseon Dynasty according the literature was restricted or expanded depending on the political situation. This study started from the viewpoint that the expansion of Blue Roof-tiles use in temples and palaces from King Sejo’s reign to King Yeonsangun’s reign must have caused the supply and demand issue of the raw materials required for glaze. This study divided the Blue Roof-tiles excavated from Gyeongbokgung palace in the early Joseon Dynasty based on the ratio of the fomer and fluxing agent and identified them as the lead glass[PbO-SiO2] and the potash-lead glass [PbO-SiO2-K2O, SiO2-PbO-K2O]. These glazes expressed Green and Turquoise Blue colors depending on the chemical combination of copper, the colorant, and fluxing agent. Based on this analysis, it was revealed that the glaze for the Blue Roof-tiles in the Joseon Dynasty was related to the mixing ratio with the raw materials such as lead and niter, the fluxing agent for green and navy glazes, and copper, the coloring agent, as shown in 『GONGBUCHANGKUXUZHI』. The most used raw materials for blue tile production in the early Joseon Dynasty were wrought iron and niter, which are fluxing agents. For wrought iron, which accounted for a large proportion in lead glass and potash-lead glass glazes, its producing ground was investigated and managed according to 『Geography Section of the Annals of King Sejong(世宗實錄地理志)』. The lead dregs generated during the lead-silver separation during King Yeonsangun’s reign were used to make Blue Roof-tiles. The niter, applied as an alkali element for potash-lead glass glaze, could be produced in large quantities as the state began to manage the production process in the reign of King Sejong. It is therefore deemed that these fluxing agents were managed and manufactured by the state and there was no difficulty in its supply and demand in the reigns of King Sejo and King Yeonsangun. For colorant, however, since various attempts have been made to either rely on trade with Japan and China, or to find a producing ground in Korea from the beginning of the Joseon Dynasty since it was not produced in Korea. Around 1464, when 80,000 Blue Roof-tiles were discussed for Wongaksa temple, minerals such as wrought iron, blue dye, and dark blue dye, similar stone, and green stone were supplied across the nation as a way of paying a tribute. Among the minerals donated nationwide at the time, wrought iron and copper(銅), which are the main raw materials of Blue roof-tile, were included according to the literature of Japan and China and the analysis of the composition of the glaze. This study deemed that the use of Blue roof-tile in the early Joseon Dynasty could expand due to stable supply and demand of wrought iron and niter under the supervision of the state and the attempt to localize copper mineral, which is a colorant.