일제강점 초기 연융대 지역의 기능 변화와 행정구역 변동

Abstract

The Yeonryungdae(鍊戎臺) area was built as a military base for defense of the capital in the late Joseon Dynasty, and corresponds to the inside of Tangchundae Fortress[蕩春臺城]. It is a region of Seongjeosim-ri(城底十里) in the northwest of the capital outside Changimun(彰義門), and is surrounded by various mountain peaks of Bukhan-Mountain, Baegak-Mountain and Inwang- Mountain. These mountain ranges and Tangchundae Fortress form the boundary of the Yeonryungdae area. The current administrative districts correspond to Buam-dong, Sinyeong-dong, Pyeongchang-dong, Hongji-dong, and Gugi-dong in Jongno-gu, Seoul. Yeonyoongdae was originally built as Tangchundae(蕩春臺) for the entertainment of kings in Yeonsan-gun(燕山君), but was renamed Yeonryungdae when Chongyungcheong(摠戎廳) was stationed in September 1754. By changing its name, it became a military base outside the capital city. At that time, various incentive policies and population recruitment policies centered on the Chongyungcheong were implemented, and based on this, the population flowed in. Most of the residents of the Yeonyoongdae area were related to the Chongyungcheong, including farmers who participated in the cultivation, handicraftsmen who participated in the production of military supplies, and soldiers defending the Tangchundae Fortress and Bukhansanseong (北漢山城). In other words, the function of the Yeonyoongdae area defined the characteristics of residents. Since then, the Yeonyoongdae area has been completely incorporated into the administrative system of the Hanseong Ministry[漢城府]. It was from the Gojong(高宗) Dynasty that the function and composition of residents in the Yeonyoungdae area changed. This is because the incentive policy implemented in the late Joseon Dynasty was abolished, and as foreign forces penetrated in earnest, protecting the king was the top priority. As a result, the function and role of the Yeonyoongdae area were bound to change. This situation naturally affected the lives of the residents of Yeonyoongdae. The proportion of residents engaged in agriculture has increased instead of occupations related to military functions. It is a very high rate compared to other regions of the same period. And there were few residents who moved in from other areas. In terms of the size and type of the house, it is estimated that the economic capacity was similar because it was similar to other regions. However, residents with large-scale houses are found in some areas where commerce is developed. Through this, it can be seen that urbanization was progressing in some areas. The characteristics of the Yeonyoongdae area are also confirmed in the analysis results of the land survey books prepared as a result of the land survey project in the early stages of Japanese colonial era. When analyzing the five types of land survey books in the Yeonyoongdae area prepared in 1912, the land category of 89.3% of the total area of the five villages were found to be fields. Compared to other regions, this result is more pronounced. Compared to the areas where most of the land is used as building sites, the Yeonyoongdae area is centered on agricultural land. This result is linked to the characteristics of residents. In other words, both the characteristics of residents and the characteristics of land use face one result. Agricultural land is the center in the Yeonyoongdae area. According to the analysis of the landowners in the Yeonyoongdae area, 92.6% of the land was owned by Koreans. Among them, 77.4% of the land is owned by people living in the Yeonyoongdae area. On the other hand, the area of land owned by the Japanese was very small. On the other hand, only 27.2% of the land in the Sampantong area[三坂通], where many Japanese lived, was owned by Koreans. 54.6% of the land in the neighborhood was owned by Japanese. In other words, compared to the area where many Japanese lived, the area of land owned by foreigners was smaller in the Yeonyoongdae area. As such, foreigners' interest in the region was low. This idea is revealed not only from the perspective of the individual, but also from the perspective of the ruler. This is because in the early days of Japanese colonial era, the administrative district of the Yeonyoongdae area was changed from Gyeongseongbu(京城府) to Goyang-gun(高陽郡). The incorporation of Goyang-gun is an aspect of how much the function and status of space have declined.