18세기 북한산성 관리체계의 변화와 총융청의 재정운영

Abstract

This article provides a general overview of the financial operations of the Chong’yung-cheong(摠戎廳) from the 23th year of the reign of King Yeongjo (1747) to the early 19th century. When Bukhansanseong(北漢山城) was built in the reign of King Sukjong, it was planned to stockpile 100,000 seok(石) of grain in 110 granary houses, but the actual amount of grain secured was only about 50,000 seok, and the government make Gyungricheong(經理廳), which was the main office of Bukhansanseong, distributed half of it to each town as Hwan-gok(還穀) to be used for expenses. However, due to the loss of original grain due to the poor management of the mountainous grain by Gwanseongjang(管城將), the head of Bukhansanseong, and the inability to conduct military training due to the geographical limitations of the mountainous area, Bukhansanseong was recognized as an abandoned fortress during the first half of the Yeongjo Dynasty. In the 23th year of his reign (1747), Yeongjo transferred Bukhansanseong to the Chong’yung-cheong, and maintained Bukhansanseong and Tangchundae(蕩春臺) fortress as a hinterland of the Capital. In the 40th year of Yeongjo (1764), Bukhansanseong became a military base in charge of the defense system of Gyeonggi Province as a central camp of Chong’yung-cheong, and its income was also diversified. However, in the late Yeongjo Dynasty, many of the army became tax-paying soldiers instead of serving in the military and in the 17th year of Jeongjo (1793), the transfer of Suwon, which had been the left camp of the Chong’yung-cheong, to the outer camp of Jangyongyeong(壯勇營), reduced the number of the Chong’yung-cheong's soldiers and finances, greatly weakening the combat power of the Chong’yung-cheong. This trend did not recover significantly even after the dissolution of Jangyongyeong in 1802, and the military status of the Chong’yung-cheong did not return to that of the late Youngjo Dynasty. Nonetheless, the government was still recognized Bukhansanseong as a key base for the defense of the western and northern borders, so the government continued to improve Chong’yung-cheong‘s main source of revenue, the Hwan-gok, and thus Chong’yung-cheong became relatively stable financial income. As aresult, despite a number of operational problems, Chong’yung-cheong was able to acquire a stockpile of more than 50,000 seok of grain, 20,000 yang of silver, and 15,000 yang of coins in the early 19th century.