韓国人の年代ごとの日本イメージとその関連要因 -国民意識と日本への関心を中心に-

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate how Koreans’ National Identity(NI) in different age groups and their interests in Japan relate to the perception of Japan. This investigation was performed through online survey. The survey, completed on December 2012, was conducted with a total of 1049 samples in 5 different age groups: age 13-18, 20, 25-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and +60. In terms of the subjects’ residential distribution, there was no significant difference among different areas: 374 for Seoul, 260 for Gyeonggi-do, 262 for metropolitan cities, and 180 for other areas. There was no skewed effect based on location. Contents of the survey are as follows; to assess barometer for image toward Japan, 40 items including 19 adjectives from Kagami, Park, et al(2010) and other social and environmental items were used. Barometer of NI was composed after inspecting ‘Scale of NI-Japanese version’devised by Karasawa(1994) as a reference. 18 items from Kagami, Park, et al(2010) were utilized to scrutinize interest toward Japan. As a result of factor analysis pertaining to image toward Japan, five factors including ‘credibility’, ‘collectivistic advancement’, ‘deterioration of natural disaster and social problems’, ‘belligerence’, and ‘openness’ were extracted. As a result of analysis pertaining to Koreans’ NI, five factors including ‘pride as Korean’, ‘national superiority’, ‘openness toward foreign nations’, ‘exclusivity toward low relevance’, ‘development of Korea first’ were also extracted. As a result of analysis pertaining to interests in Japan, four factors including ‘active contact with Japan’, ‘international problems’, ‘popular culture of Japan’, ‘territorial and historical dispute between Korean and Japan’ were extracted as well. Based on these findings, to investigate how NI and interests in Japan influence Koreans’ perception of Japan, regression analysis via stepwise method was conductedby setting ‘the image toward Japan’ as a dependent variable and ‘NI’ and ‘interest regarding Japan’ as independent variables. Respective analyses were conducted in different age groups (13-18, 25-29, 30-49, +50). As a result, ‘active contact’ and ‘popular culture’ turned out to be the factors that affect Image of Japan positively. Furthermore, these two factors appeared to have influence on ‘credibility’ and ‘openness’ that endorse friendly image to Japan. Low interests in territorial and historical problem from teens to subjects in the 40s affected ‘credibility’. Furthermore, ‘active contact toward Japan’ appeared to affect various and multidimensional image of Japan, such as ‘collectivistic advancement’. On the other hand, ‘international problems’ turned out be a factor that affects image of japan negatively. For subjects from teens to the 40s who showed concerned over ‘international problems’, they appeared to relate their opinions to ‘belligerence’. Furthermore, subjects +30 appeared to perceive that there are relations between ‘Japan’s belligerence’ and ‘national superiority’. Based on these outcomes, it can be stated that Korean’s social identity can have possible effect in forming image of Japan. As outcomes from the above indicate, this particular study revealed some of new factors that have tremendous influence in forming image of Japan. These factors include ‘active contact with Japan’, degree of interests in the‘popular culture of Japan’ as well as ‘Korean’s NI’.