‘퍼포먼스 장(場)’으로서의 일본정원과 신사(神社) ― 전통예능 공연장소로서의 역할을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

This study evaluated Japanese garden and shrines focusing on their role as a place for traditional performing arts, unlike previous studies examining the characteristics and thoughts of them. First, this study mainly inspected the functions of the Japanese garden and shrines. Generally, theater, music, and traditional performing arts are played at theaters built exclusively for them. However, historical records indicate that performing arts were conducted at outdoor open space and gardens in ancient times. Moreover, the first Kabuki performance was held on an outdoor temporary theater, and it was gradually more carried out at shrines. Later, kabuki show performed mainly at the theaters exclusively for it. However, as performing arts chose the garden, a type of the outdoor stage, again, a new change occurred. Like this, this study reviewed focusing on the precinct space of gardens and shrines associated with traditional performing arts. Secondly, this study examined the role of gardens and shrines in terms of traditional performing arts performances. In the Edo period, the theaters exclusively for kabuki perceived the stage and the seats for the audience as one space without distinction. However, it is difficult to show the performance like that in the present situation because the box-office record is an important element of the modern art industry. Nonetheless, the forms similar to this past theater form began to emerge under the environmental functions of gardens and shrines. This study evaluated the actual situation and meaning of the performance; mainly on the stage performed in Kuromori kabuki and Korakuen. Thirdly, this study analyzed the actual use of outdoor stages and its impact on the local culture. This study mainly analyzed the performance situation of Jikabuki. From the analyses of this study, it was found that, in the terms of establishing the art culture environment, using outdoor stages such as the Japanese garden and shrines as theaters has a considerable influence on the local culture of modern Japan.