日中対訳における「態度」の対応語について -『近・現代の日本の文学作品』を中心に -

Abstract

Kango is the most commonly used language code between Chinese and Japanese, so it seems that only a few differences exist whenever it’s translated. But the structures of the two languages are quite different, consequently sometimes it is not enough to certify that Kango are equivalent or not. This article focuses on the characteristics of Chinese and Japanese language from the angle of comparison & and translation, so that various fields of study can help to deeply understand the equivalence between Taido and its various Chinese counterparts from the conceptual perspective, additional and grammatical meaning, thus make making full use of Kango in Japanese linguistics. In order to clarify this point, this study took Taido in modern and contemporary Japanese literature as an example, to investigate the comprehension and expression in Japanese-Chinese translation. It is certified that Taido is usually equal to homomorphs or heteromorphs in Chinese, but the phenomenon that Chinese single word translated into Japanese phrase with Taido is often seen. The differences between sememes are mostly shown in the paradigmatic relations of the types of ranks, semantic overlaps, and positive and negative transfer of stylistic and affective meaning. It is manifested that mutual equivalence does not mean mutual correspondence, and vice versa. A counterpart selection does not only depend on the differences in personal language habits, but also on some objective factors, such as a satisfactory pragmatic function for the given context, different language expressions between Chinese and Japanese, etc. Besides, these factors are considered as detailed issues which often lead to semantic migrations. Only by judging the selection of counterparts based on circumstances can we improve language competence.