日本語と韓国語の借用語の音韻構造 -挿入母音の類型と特徴について-
Phonological structure of loanword in Japanese and Korean: Types and properties of epenthetic vowels
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본고는 일본어와 한국어의 차용어적응에 나타나는 삽입모음의 유형과 그 특징에 대하여 논의하였다. 삽입모음의 유형은 크게 기정치 모음, 자음동화,모음조화로 분류되는데, 일본어는 이 세 가지 유형이 모두 나타나는데 비해, 한국어는 기정치 모음과 자음동화만이 나타나고 있다. 본고는 일본어 차용어의 모음삽입 중 원어가 /tw/연쇄일 경우 높이의 모음조화가 일어나는 것을 지적하고 이를형식적으로 설명하였다. 또한 일본어와 한국어에 일어나는 삽입유형의 하나인자음동화는 원어가 순음, 구개마찰음, 구개파찰음일 경우 그 순음성에 대한 지각의 차이로 인해 순음 동화에 의한 /u/와 구개음 동화에 의한 /i/가 삽입되는데,이러한 원어의 지각은 양 언어 간에 차이가 있다는 점을 논하였다.
Abstract
This paper examines the types of vowel epenthesis and its properties in Japaneseand Korean loanword adaptation. There are three possible epenthesis strategies: (i)insertion of a default vowel, (ii) place assimilation from neighboring consonant (i.e.,consonant to vowel assimilation), and (iii) vowel harmony (spreading of vocalicproperties). Japanese shows all types of epenthesis strategies, but Korean reveals onlytwo types of epenthesis: (i.e., (i)(ii)). The purpose of this paper is two-fold. Firstly,I will clarify that there is a vowel height harmony in /tw/-cluster in Japaneseloanword and analyze it formally based on autosegmental representation. Secondly,there have effects of perceptual assimilation in consonant to vowel assimilation inJapanese and Korean. In Japanese, /ʃ, ʒ/ of source language have strong acousticcue, relatively longer duration of friction noise involving lip rounding, that Japaneselisteners perceive as [ɕɯ, ʑɯ], but /ʧ, ʤ/ have relatively shorter duration of frictionnoise involving lip rounding, so Japanese listeners perceive them as [tɕi, ʑi] in whichhigh front vowel [i] is inserted. In Korean, the same acoustic cues of /ʃ, ʒ, ʧ,ʤ/ do not play a role of perception of native vowel [u], so Korean listeners perceivethem as [tɕi, tɕi, tɕhi, tɕi]. There seems to be disagreement on perception ofroundness of /ʃ, ʒ, ʧ, ʤ/ in Japanese and Korean loanword adaptation.
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