류큐 이에지마방언의 설정음화에 관한 연구
A Study on Coronalization in Iejima Ryukyuan
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本研究は琉球の伊江島方言で起った舌頂音化を最適性理論の枠組みで説明するのを目的とする。伊江島方言では前舌母音/i/の前で唇音と舌背音が舌頂音になる変化が起った。このような変化(舌頂音化)を説明するため、本稿ではMiyashita(2000)が提案したCOR.\.FR制約を採択する。前舌母音の前の非舌頂音を禁じるCOR.\.FR制約により、伊江島方言では前舌母音/i/の前で舌頂音化が発生したと言える。COR.\.FR制約にもかかわらず、伊江島方言で高母音化により/e/が[i]に変わった場合は、[i]の前で舌頂音化が起らなかった。このような過小適用の不透明性を説明するため、本稿では局所的制約結合(Smolensky1993、1995)を利用し、2 つの充実性制約のI d e n t ( c o r ) とI d e n t ( h i g h ) を結んだ[Ident(cor)&Ident(high)]Body制約を設定する。伊江島方言で充実性制約のIdent(cor)は有慓性制約のCOR.\.FRより下位の制約なので前舌母音/i/の前で舌頂音化が起った。しかし、2つの制約が結合した[Ident(cor)&Ident(high)]Body制約はCOR.\.FRより上位の制約なので、高母音化により/e/から変わった[i]の前では、舌頂音化が起らなかったのである。
Abstract
This study aims to account for the coronalization in Iejima Ryukyuan within theframework of Optimality Theory. Labial and dorsal consonants became coronal consonants before front vowel /i/in Iejima Ryukyuan.In order to explain this coronalization,this paper adopts amarkedness constraint COR.\.FR, Miyashita(2000) proposed. Due to COR.\.FR,which prohibits non-coronal consonants before front vowels,coronalization occurredbefore front vowel /i/ in Iejima Ryukyuan. Despite of COR.\.FR, coronalization did not occur before [i], which was changedfrom /e/ by vowel raising in Iejima Ryukyuan. To explain this underapplicationopacity, this paper employs Local Constraint Conjunction (Smolensky 1993, 1995),and proposes a constraint [Ident(cor) & Ident(high)]Body, which is conjoined twofaithfulness constraints Ident(cor) and Ident(high). A faithfulness constraint,Ident(cor) was lower ranked than a markedness constraint, COR.\.FR in IejimaRyukyuan, so coronalization occurred before front vowel /i/. However, since thecomposite constraint [Ident(cor) & Ident(high)]Body is more highly ranked thanCOR.\.FR, coronalization did not occur before front vowel [i], which was changedfrom /e/ by vowel raising.
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