국제인권규약상 거주·이전의 자유 및 한국의 실행
Freedom of Movement under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and Practice of the Republic of Korea
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개인의 자유로운 발전에 필수 불가결한 기본적 인권의 하나인 거주·이전의 자유는 21세기 국제공동체로 진화하고 있는 현 시점에서 개별 국가의 주권적 판단에 의해 좌지우지될 것이 아니라 인권의 국제적 보호라는 세계적 추세 속에서 더욱 실질적으로 보호 내지 보장되어야 한다. 이 글에서는 유엔 자유권규약위원회가 과거부터 행하거나 다루어온 일반논평, 개인통보사건, 국가보고서에 대한 최종견해 등을 중심으로 자유권규약상 거주·이전의 자유의 의미와 내용을 구체적으로 살펴보고, 이를 바탕으로 우리나라 실행상 주요 쟁점을 비판적으로 검토하고 있다. 유엔 인권이사회의 의장국을 역임한 바 있는 우리나라로서는 규약위원회 등 국제인권기구의 거주·이전의 자유에 관한 입장을 국내 법제에 더욱 적극적으로 반영함으로써 인권 선진국으로서 거듭나야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Freedom of movement, one of the basic human rights essential for the free development of individuals, is not swayed by the sovereign judgment of individual countries at this point in the evolution of the international community in the 21st century, but in the global trend of international protection of human rights. should be more effectively protected or guaranteed. This article examines the meaning and content of freedom of movement under the ICCPR in detail, focusing on general comments, individual communication cases, and concluding observations on reports submitted by States Parties that the UN Human Rights Committee has made or dealt with in the past. Based on this, major issues in Korea's practices are critically examined. As a State Party that has served as the chair of the United Nations Human Rights Council, Korea should be reborn as a human rights developed country by more actively reflecting the positions of international human rights organizations such as the Human Rights Committee in its domestic legislation.
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