일본어 학습자의 모어별 외래어 사용양상 분석 - I-JAS 코퍼스의 대화 태스크를 기반으로 -
Analysis of Loanword Usage Patterns among Japanese Language Learners by Their Native Languages –Based on Dialogue Tasks from the I-JAS Corpus–
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本稿では、I-JASコーパスの対話タスクを基に、日本語学習者の発話に出現した外来語を抽出し母語別の使用量を比較した後、日本語の母語話者のデータと比較した。その結果漢字文化圏に属する韓国語、中国語、ベトナム語を母語とする学習者が非漢字文化圏の学習者より外来語を少なく使うことが分かった。非漢字文化圏学習者の中でも英語、スペイン語を母語とする学習者の外来語使用率が最も高く、漢字文化圏では韓国語、中国語話者の外来語使用率が最も低かった。韓国語(1.51%)、中国語(1.43%)の母語話者の外来語発話量は日本語母語話者(1.40%)と最も近い割合だった。 日本語母語話者と韓․中․英話者の日本語レベル別外来語使用率を比較した結果、英語と韓国語話者の場合はレベルが最も低い学習者の外来語使用率が最も高いことが分かった。反面、中級と上級者で構成された中国語話者の場合は上級者の発話に最も多くの外来語が出現した。韓国、中国、英語話者の日本語レベル別の人員が最も均等に分布した中級者の発話に出現した外来語と日本語母語話者が高頻度で使用した外来語を比較した結果、上位10位の外来語は韓․中․英話者の発話にすべて高頻度で出現したが11位以下の語彙は異なった。
Abstract
In the present article, I extracted loanwords that appeared in the speech of Japanese language learners based on dialogue tasks of the I-JAS corpus, compared the usage amounts by their native languages, and compared these with the data from native Japanese speakers. The analysis reveals that the learners whose native languages belong to the Chinese character cultural domain, such as Korean, Chinese, and Vietnamese, used fewer loanwords than the learners from non- Chinese character cultural domains. Among the learners from non-Chinese character cultural domains, those whose native language is English or Spanish had the highest rate of loanword use, while in the Chinese character cultural domain, Korean and Chinese speakers showed the lowest rate of loanword use. The proportion of loanword use by native speakers of Korean (1.51%) and Chinese(1.43%) was closest to that of native Japanese speakers(1.40%). The comparison of the rates of loanword use between native Japanese speakers and speakers of Korean, Chinese, and English based on Japanese proficiency levels showed that for English and Korean speakers, the learners at the lowest proficiency level had the highest rate of loanword use. On the other hand, in the case of Chinese speakers, who consisted of intermediate and advanced learners, the highest frequency of loanwords appeared in the speech of advanced learners.