긍정과 호응하는 부정부사의 문법화 -「전혀/全然」과 「결코/決して」의 대조 연구-
Grammaticalization of Negative Adverbs Responding to Affirmations - A Contrastive Study of cenhye / zenzen and kyelkho / kessite -
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초록
本稿の目的は肯定と呼応する韓日両言語の否定副詞「전혀／全然」の文法的性質について文法化及び言語類型論を中心に通時的・共時的アプローチで明らかにすることである。特に、次の2つの疑問点、「(i)「전혀／全然」は否定極性表現に分類されてもよいのか、(ii)否定極性表現ならこれらの表現はなぜ「결코/決して」のような他の否定副詞と異なり、肯定述語との呼応が可能なのか」を冒頭で提起し、これらの疑問点を一つずつ解決していく。研究結果をまとめると次のとおりである。第一に、肯定と呼応する「전혀/全然」は、否定極性表現に分類されてもよい。肯定との呼応は一見これらの表現の脱文法化として捉えられるかもしれないが、むしろ否定極性表現としての文法化がさらに進んでいることを示す言語現象である。第二に、「젼혀/全然」が他の否定副詞、例えば「결코/決して」と異なり、肯定との呼応現象が見られるのは、いわゆる否定語彙形式との呼応が拡張されたためである。以上の研究結果は文法化及び言語類型論の観点からでもさらに支持されることを主張する。
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the syntactic nature of the negative adverb cenhye / zenzen “never” in Korean and Japanese, which responds to affirmation, through diachronic and synchronic approaches, with a focus on grammaticalization theory and linguistic typology. This paper raises the following two questions at the beginning: (i) Can these expressions be classified as items with negative polarity? (ii) why can these expressions respond to affirmation, unlike kyelko / kessite “never,”? and solve these questions individually. The research results are summarized as follows: First, cenhye / zenzen, which respond to the affirmative, can be classified as items with negative polarity. At first glance, the phenomenon of correspondence with affirmation may lead us to believe that the degrammaticalization of these expressions is progressing; however, in reality, this is a linguistic phenomenon that demonstrates the progress of grammaticalization as negative polarity items. Second, the correspondence phenomenon with negative lexical forms has been expanded, which explains why these expressions, unlike the other negative adverbs like kyelkho / kessite, display a corresponding phenomenon with affirmation. This study contends that the research findings presented above are further supported from the perspectives of grammaticalization theory and linguistic typology.
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