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에도시대 아소비 문화에 표상된 신체 모빌리티- 시각미디어를 통한 재현과 장소 경험의 획득 -

Body Mobility Represented in Asobi Culture of the Edo Period- Representation through Visual Media and Acquisition of Place Experience -

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本稿では、江戸時代の視覚文化に現れたモビリティ研究の一つとして、特に視覚出版物における身体の動きの表象、そしてそれが江戸遊び文化の中でどのような役割として再現されたのかを考察した。 江戸出版メディアの環境では、文学作品だけでなく当代の流行になりそうなものは何でも素材にし、商品化した。滑稽本『腹筋逢夢石』(山東京傳 作・歌川豊国 画, 1810) と『座敷芸忠臣蔵』(山東京傳 作・歌川豊国 画, 1810) も当時の流行をそのまま出版物の形で刊行したものである。『腹筋逢夢石』は、物真似に代表される身体の動きに関連した素材を扱ったもので、鳥獣、魚類、虫、器物などの本性に関連した動作だけでなく、劇的な演技動作まで行ったもので、三編にわたって身体モビリティのデータ化を成し遂げた。 このように蓄積された身体表現のデータは、それぞれ必要な配役を原本から切り離し、『座敷芸忠臣蔵』で再び使う方式で読者に消費された。ここで起こった疎通は、動きの表現とその意味の交換で行われた。このような特性を持つメディアは、特定の場所だけで享有されていた遊び文化を外に拡散させることを可能にした。 一方、滑稽本と類似した機能をもつ四章の遊び絵の種類も読書用あるいは鑑賞用の出版物というより、実質的に読者そして余興を楽しむ主体と客体の間で遊びのために活用できるテーマで作られた体験用媒体といえる。このような特徴を持つ出版物の刊行は、吉原という特定の場所の遊戯が場所の制約なしで一般庶民に座敷文化が広がる場所の経験を獲得させる。結果的に、ホモ·ルーデンス的人間特徴の発現、すなわち、多彩な遊び文化が生み出した環境があったからこそ、江戸時代の大衆文化の中で身体モビリティ性の再現は、視覚メディアを通してさらにその領域を拡張させていったといえる。

Abstract

This article examined the representation of body mobility, especially in visual publications, as one of the mobility studies that appeared in the visual culture of the Edo period, and the role they played in the reproduction of Edo Asobi (playing) culture. In the environment of Edo-published media, not only literary works but also anything that could become a trend at the time was commercialized as material. Such typical examples are the Kokkeibon (comical books) Harasuji Ōmuseki (1810) and Zashikigei Chūshingura (1810). Harasuji Ōmuseki deals with materials related to body movements represented by imitations, including not only movements related to nature, such as birds, animals, fish, insects, and objects, but also dramatic acting movements, which are depicted in three volumes. The accumulated data on body expression was consumed by readers by separating the necessary characters from the original and using them again in Zashikigei Chūshingura. The communication that took place here was an exchange of expressions of movement and their meanings. Media with these characteristics allowed the spread of Asobi culture, which was previously enjoyed only in certain places, to the outside world. On the other hand, the type of play in Chapter 4 that functions similarly to Kokkeibon is not a publication for reading or appreciation, but a medium for experience created with a theme that can be used for play between readers and subjects enjoying entertainment. Publications with these characteristics allow the general public to gain experiences in a place where the game of a particular setting spreads the Zashiki (banquet) culture without restrictions on location. As a result, it can be said that the reproduction of physical mobility in popular culture in the Edo period expanded its scope through visual media, in addition to the expression of Homo Ludens human characteristics, that is, the environment created by various Asobi cultures.

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