인도의 주요 재벌기업에 관한 연구 : 경제개혁 이후의 경영성과와 전망
A Study on Major Big Business Houses in India : Performance and Prospects since the Reforms
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초록
1991년 인도의 외환 위기는 독립 이후 그 동안 유지해왔던 경제패턴을 개혁으로 이끌었다. 인도의 대외경제개혁은 외환시장, 외국인투자, 무역자유화 정책을 중심으로 요약된다. 대내적으로는 규제완화, 자유경쟁의 확대를 추구하였는데 이는 기업측면에서 보면 한편으로는 커다란 기회이기도 했지만 다른 한편으로는 경쟁과 도전의 시작이었다. 본 연구에서는 변화의 시발점이 된 경제개혁이 재벌의 성장과 그 구조에 미친 영향을 살펴본다. 아울러 개혁을 전후한 매출과 순익 등을 비교함으로서 새로운 변화와 도전에 이들이 어떻게 적응해왔는지 살펴본다. 연구의 논지는 주요 상위 재벌들의 매출 및 순익의 변화와 그들의 지배구조가 어떻게 변화되어왔는지를 분석해 본다. 아울러 이들 그룹의 산업지배구조를 살펴봄으로서 인도 산업에서의 주요 재벌들의 역할과 기능, 재벌간 산업특화구조를 유추 해 볼 수 있다.
Abstract
The economic reforms of India that began in 1991 brought a set of challenges as well as opportunities for the corporate sector in India. Our concern here is to see how big business responded to the challenges and opportunities. We take a look at the family controlled big business’ response to the changed milieu. We take a closer look at three cases. One has a history of over a century behind it and was extremely diversified. The second was born about four decades back but made an impact just about three decades back and since then has seen spectacular growth and performance while remaining extremely focused on a narrow core competency area. While these two are from the old economy, the third is from the new economy and is not family controlled. Although over two decades old, the third entity came into its own in the last decade. We look at how these three contrasting cases coped with the new environment and draw conclusions.
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