1960년대 전국광산노동조합 리더십 변화과정과 조직활동

Abstract

Kim Jeongwon took power in National Federation of Mine Workers Union in the late 1950s. The parties of National Federation of Mine Workers Union, which was centering on Kim Jeongwon, intended to organize relatively independent union from the Federation of Korean Trade Unions by unfolding anti-Kim Giok campaign with the parties of Jeong Daecheon and Kim Malryong. This new union movement developed to organize the arrangement committee for the National Council of Trade Unions. Many of officials in the National Federation of Mine Workers Union participated in the arrangement committee for the National Council of Trade Unions. Kim Jeongwon was appointed to be a chairperson of the committee. Seeing with that fact, National Federation of Mine Workers Union played the big role in the new union movement in the late 1950s. Futhermore, National Federation of Mine Workers Union lead the new union movement. However, the officials in the National Federation of Mine Workers Union gave the new labor movement much more difficulties as they left there with the parties of Jeong Daecheon in the phase of founding the National Council of Trade Unions. The National Federation of Mine Workers Union maintained Kim Jeongwon’s leadership and developed trade union’s movement like forming new organizations, walking out strikes in the period of the April revolution in 1960. However, these labor movements failed because of the May 16th military coup. According to the military’s policy to reorganize unions, the National Federation of Mine Workers Union was reorganized that it launched the Korean Mine Workers Union of which chairperson became Kim Jeongwon. The chairperson of the Korean Mine Workers Union had the power to appoint officials of the organization. He took advantage of the 9 points for disqualified union official which the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs suggested. Therefore, he could reach his hand to build up the organization and control branches under industrial unions. When it is compared with other industrial unions, very specific things amongst the activities of the Korean Mine Workers Union during 1960s were the abolition campaign against Deokdae(a miner who rents a mine to work) system and anti-campaign against governmental fuel policy. The Korean Mine Workers Union declared that the Deokdae system was a bad apple which exploits workers in the intermediary position and submitted the petition to government to abolish the Deokdae system. Although the Korean Mine Workers Union’s effort, the Deokdae system continued without changes. Then the right to obtain minerals in the rented diggings by the contract was admitted in the revised Mining Industry Act on February 7, 1973. Meanwhile, the Korean Mine Workers Union worked to protest the government’s fuel policy, which put oil prior to coal. The Korean Mine Workers Union once failed to push the government to make appropriate measures because it did not act enthusiastically and just clung to suggest plans in the early phase. It did not transform its attitude into fierce demonstrations and large-scaled indignation meeting until the late December of 1967. Its anti-campaign against fuel policy put pressure on legislating Temporary Measures Act for the Development of the Coal Mining Industry.