백제의 중앙관제에 미친 中國王朝의 영향에 대하여 ― 중앙관사의 구성을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

This article aims to examine the composition and duty of the central governmental organization in Baekje and compare them with those of the contemporary Chinese dynasties. Since the establishment of the “Five Jwapyeongs(佐平: the first official rank) and their subordinate twenty-two offices(部)” in the sixth century, Baekje's central governmental organization “Three Jwapyeongs and Ten offices of Oegwan(外官, i.e. Baekje's outer court)” established in the fifth century, was reshaped into the “Six-Jwapyeongs(六佐平: six ministers) and eighteen offices” in the seventh century. Jiuqing(九卿, i.e. nine chamberlains) which made up of the core of the central office organization in the Han(漢) dynasty, were eventually downgraded to a subordinate office. Sansheng(三省, i.e. three departments) were established as the secretary organization in the Caowei(曹魏) period, and in contrary were upgraded to the core of the central government. In the first phase of its establishment of the governmental organizations, Baekje was influenced by the central governmental organizations of the Chinese dynasties during the Han to Xijin(西晉) period, while the office organizations described in Zhuli(『周禮』) and those of the Tang(唐) dynasty exerted substantial influence over the reform of later Baekje office organizations. To sum up, Baekje adopted the central governmental organization of the Chinese dynasties during the Later Han(後漢) through the Caowei period, by way of Lelangjun(樂浪郡). Baekje later reorganized its office organization again basing on description of Zhuli and the Tang bureaucratic system, the knowledge imported directly from China.