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1960년대 미공법 480호 2관과 3관 원조의 의미 — 주한 케아의 ‘근로를 위한 식량’(Food for Work)을 중심으로 —

The Meaning of the PL 480 Title Ⅱ and Ⅲ in the underdeveloped countries in the early 1960’s — Focusing on the ‘Food for Work’ Programs of the C.A.R.E-Korea —

한봉석
수선사학회|2020.10|사림 (SARIM, The Historical Journal)|제74호|pp. 73-115

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참고문헌

키워드

C.A.R.E.평화를 위한 식량Food for Peace미국 잉여농산물 2관미국 잉여농산물 3관주한 케아자조근로사업PL480 Title Ⅱ section 202PL480 Title ⅢHumanitarian Relief
주제분류역사학

초록

Research is needed on American surplus agricultural products, the material basis of humanitarian relief considered normal in the international community. In particular, historical considerations of PL480 Title 2 and 3 are needed, which are the link between U.S. foreign policy and international humanitarian relief. The government will review the two- and three-way aid projects and the case of Kea, a former private aid organization, in Korea from 1961-66. PL480 Title 2 supports emergency and disaster relief through Sections 201 and 202. However, the revision of the law in the early 1960s included discussions on development, including ‘development and community development’. A typical example is ‘Food for Work’. In Korea, this project was mainly used in reclamation projects and was called by various names, including reclamation projects, self-support projects and self-help work projects. However, the relief has weakened since the Korean government organized the two-way project. PL480 Title 3 allows U.S. private charities to use surplus U.S. agricultural products in South Korea. The case of C.A.R.E.-Korea is typical. However, it was difficult for these private groups to keep their distance from U.S. foreign policy. A typical example is the ‘Food for Work’ project of C.A.R.E.-Korea. The project actually had an adverse impact on the Korean relief project, absorbing even the triple crowns of C.A.R.E., which will be originally used for children's relief. In conclusion, in the humanitarian slogan of underdeveloped countries, the humanitarian slogan presented in the revised Food for Peace Act since the 1960s is contradictory. This statute advocates the development of underdeveloped countries, but in reality it aims to stabilize rural areas. In Korea's case, however, the inclusion of development discourse in the statute played a decisive role in weakening humanitarian relief work in Korea in the early 1960s. In the end, U.S. foreign policy and the development direction of underdeveloped countries have weakened humanitarian slogans, and humanitarian relief supplies among surplus U.S. agricultural products have led to the misappropriation of underdeveloped countries at the regime level.

Abstract

Research is needed on American surplus agricultural products, the material basis of humanitarian relief considered normal in the international community. In particular, historical considerations of PL480 Title 2 and 3 are needed, which are the link between U.S. foreign policy and international humanitarian relief. The government will review the two- and three-way aid projects and the case of Kea, a former private aid organization, in Korea from 1961-66. PL480 Title 2 supports emergency and disaster relief through Sections 201 and 202. However, the revision of the law in the early 1960s included discussions on development, including ‘development and community development’. A typical example is ‘Food for Work’. In Korea, this project was mainly used in reclamation projects and was called by various names, including reclamation projects, self-support projects and self-help work projects. However, the relief has weakened since the Korean government organized the two-way project. PL480 Title 3 allows U.S. private charities to use surplus U.S. agricultural products in South Korea. The case of C.A.R.E.-Korea is typical. However, it was difficult for these private groups to keep their distance from U.S. foreign policy. A typical example is the ‘Food for Work’ project of C.A.R.E.-Korea. The project actually had an adverse impact on the Korean relief project, absorbing even the triple crowns of C.A.R.E., which will be originally used for children's relief. In conclusion, in the humanitarian slogan of underdeveloped countries, the humanitarian slogan presented in the revised Food for Peace Act since the 1960s is contradictory. This statute advocates the development of underdeveloped countries, but in reality it aims to stabilize rural areas. In Korea's case, however, the inclusion of development discourse in the statute played a decisive role in weakening humanitarian relief work in Korea in the early 1960s. In the end, U.S. foreign policy and the development direction of underdeveloped countries have weakened humanitarian slogans, and humanitarian relief supplies among surplus U.S. agricultural products have led to the misappropriation of underdeveloped countries at the regime level.

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