1960년대 미 대한경찰원조의 전개 — 경찰 ‘현대화’와 대반란전(counterinsurgency) 수행 —

Abstract

In the 1960s, U.S. police assistance contributed significantly to the Korean National Police achieving “modernization.” As a result of “modernization,” the South Korean police have been able to build up their capabilities to counter the North Korean invasion and civil society's resistance movements. This did not only happen in Korea but also in the Third World nation in the 1960s, which was the direction of police assistance for counterinsurgency sought by the United States, and was rooted in the longer term “modernization” of police in the U.S. home countries in the 1930s and occupied areas of the U.S., including Japan, in the 1940s. In the early 1960s, the Kennedy administration began focusing on the counterinsurgency to counter the revolutionary trends of the Third World. The counterinsurgency meant that political reform and economic development must be carried out in the Third World to cut off the source of the rebellion, while stressing the development of military and paramilitary capabilities to counter new types of wars, such as guerrilla warfare, rebellion and subversion. As a result, the importance of police assistance, which was relatively neglected during the Eisenhower regime, was highlighted, and as a result, OPS within USAID was established. Korean police assistance began in the mid-1950s, but was suspended by 5.16 coup d'etat without much success. Since then, USAID OPS has continued to try to resume police assistance in South Korea, but the attempt has not been successful due to opposition from the county team in Korea. With the security crisis in 1968, the OPS was finally able to achieve the resumption of Korean police assistance. Over the next five years, $5 million has been donated to the Korean National Police, which has drastically increased the police's ability to carry out counter guerrilla operations and, in part, increased their capacity to suppress mass anti-dictatorship resistance in the late 1960s.