한국 농업 ODA의 발전 경로 연구 - 미국의 원조수혜에서 동남아 공여로 -
A Study on the Evolutionary Path of Korea's Agricultural ODA - From U.S. Assistance to Aid to Southeast Asia -
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This study examines the developmental trajectory of Korea's agricultural Official Development Assistance (ODA) by comparing the agricultural aid Korea received from the United States (1945–1980) with Korea's agricultural ODA to four Southeast Asian countries—Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Myanmar—between 2010 and 2024. To analyze the structural evolution of agricultural development, the study introduces a three-stage analytical framework consisting of Foundation– Performance–Self-Reliance. This framework reflects the sequential process observed in Korea's own agricultural modernization and provides a structured lens for assessing the maturity of agricultural ODA portfolios. Using historical documents on U.S. agricultural aid to Korea and CRS-based statistical data for Korea's agricultural ODA, the study classifies projects into the three stages and compares their composition over time and across countries. The results show that Korea's agricultural ODA broadly mirrors the developmental pathway shaped by U.S. assistance: initial foundational support for institutional and human capacity building, followed by productivity-enhancing interventions, and, more recently, support for research, policy, and value-chain development aimed at self-reliance. At the same time, the relative weight of each stage differs by recipient country, reflecting variations in agricultural development levels and needs. These findings demonstrate that Korea's agricultural ODA is not simply a sectoral intervention, but represents the transfer and reproduction of Korea's own historical development experience. The study contributes to the literature by proposing a structured, data-driven model for evaluating agricultural ODA and by suggesting policy implications for tailoring country-specific ODA strategies according to each recipient's position along the Foundation–Performance–Self-Reliance pathway.
Abstract
This study examines the developmental trajectory of Korea's agricultural Official Development Assistance (ODA) by comparing the agricultural aid Korea received from the United States (1945–1980) with Korea's agricultural ODA to four Southeast Asian countries—Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Myanmar—between 2010 and 2024. To analyze the structural evolution of agricultural development, the study introduces a three-stage analytical framework consisting of Foundation– Performance–Self-Reliance. This framework reflects the sequential process observed in Korea's own agricultural modernization and provides a structured lens for assessing the maturity of agricultural ODA portfolios. Using historical documents on U.S. agricultural aid to Korea and CRS-based statistical data for Korea's agricultural ODA, the study classifies projects into the three stages and compares their composition over time and across countries. The results show that Korea's agricultural ODA broadly mirrors the developmental pathway shaped by U.S. assistance: initial foundational support for institutional and human capacity building, followed by productivity-enhancing interventions, and, more recently, support for research, policy, and value-chain development aimed at self-reliance. At the same time, the relative weight of each stage differs by recipient country, reflecting variations in agricultural development levels and needs. These findings demonstrate that Korea's agricultural ODA is not simply a sectoral intervention, but represents the transfer and reproduction of Korea's own historical development experience. The study contributes to the literature by proposing a structured, data-driven model for evaluating agricultural ODA and by suggesting policy implications for tailoring country-specific ODA strategies according to each recipient's position along the Foundation–Performance–Self-Reliance pathway.