지역집중도 분석을 통한 대도시 행정체계 개선에 관한 연구

Abstract

Understanding of urban capital is needed as the polarization between metropolis and small cities and between urban and rural areas occurs due to the difference between capital and labor in the process of urban growth. Although the government and local governments are pushing for public projects to revitalize the community by creating various public jobs, such as establishing infrastructure, viewing the understanding of urban capital as a lack of public infrastructure and jobs, the urbanization rate is accelerating further. Thus, it is useful to approach policies for a metropolis, small and medium cities, and policies for agricultural and fishing villages differently, and to readjust administrative and financial authority to reflect the characteristics of the region. In this study, 15 cities with a population of 500,000 or more were given a special clause as of July 1, 2019, and four major cities with a population of 1 million or more (Goyang, Suwon, Changwon, and Yongin) were analyzed to analyze the characteristics of each city and to raise the need to differentiate the special system applied to the current metropolis. The urban base consists of items that measure the basis of the local economy, and the living base of items that measure the concentration of health care and welfare. The learning base consists of items that measure educational and research functions. Concentration analysis shows that the concentration of four cities with a population of more than 1 million is relatively low compared to the population. As a result of comparing and analyzing urban concentration by area, the differences in urban-based capital, living-based capital, and learning-based capital of each city are large, and the differences are even greater in detailed indicators. It is necessary to make full-scale improvements to the current metropolitan special system so that they can be creative and competitive on their own, while preserving the characteristics of capital among different sectors, including the three urban areas (urban-based, life-based, and learning-based). Adding a few of the current metropolitan special clauses will not fundamentally improve the competitiveness of cities in Korea, and decentralization will not proceed smoothly. The decentralization, which maintains the current pyramid of the central government-city administrative system, is a form of holding back the development of metropolis where resources are still invested and the population is concentrated in deserted cities and counties. Each metropolis needs greater autonomy and fiscal decentralization in order to improve its voluntary and creative competitiveness. In conclusion, a multi-nuclear decentralization is urgently needed to enable the transfer of authority to the central government-to- metropolis without passing through metropolitan and provincial governments.