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전략변화가 조직생존에 미치는 영향

Strategic Moves and Organizational Survival

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구는 급변하는 경영환경에서 전략변화가 조직의 생존에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 탐구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 두 가지 이론적 배경(적응론적 관점과 조직생태학적 관점)을 바탕으로 경쟁가설을 제시하고 실증하였다. 적응론적 관점이 환경 변화에 따른 조직의 전략변화가 조직 생존에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 주장하는 반면, 조직생태학적 관점은 전략변화에 따른 재조직화는 조직의 사멸 가능성을 높인다고 주장한다. 기존의 연구들은 조직생존에 대한 전략변화의 일반적인 영향에 대해서는 연구자들 간의 합의가 이루어지지 않은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 선행연구를 통해 조직의 전략변화가 조직의 생존에 미치는 영향을 두 가지 이론적 관점에서 살펴보았다. 하나의 관점으로 연구를 진행할 경우, 대비되는 다른 관점에 대해서 무조건적으로 그 오류를 주장할 수 없으므로, 경쟁가설을 도출하여 연구를 진행함으로써 연구의 이론적 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 기업의 생존은 횡단 분석을 통해 판단하기 어려우므로 패널데이터를 통한 종단적 연구를 진행하였다. 경쟁가설의 검증을 위해 환경 동태성이 높은 산업으로 판단되는 국내 전자부품 제조업에 속한 152개 기업의 1982년에서 2011년까지 30년 간 전략변화 및 조직생존에 대한 패널자료를 사용하였다. 분석을 위해 연구기간 동안의 거시경제 환경의 변화, 정부의 주요 산업정책, 산업 내 주요사건 및 기술발전 등을 기준으로 해당 산업의 전략안정기간(stable strategic time period, SSTP)을 구분하고, 이를 토대로 전략안정기간 사이 전략군(strategic group) 간의 이동이 발생한 경우를 전략변화로 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 조직생태학적 관점의 가설이 지지됨을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 전략변화가 조직의 생존에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 것이다. 이를 통해 시설투자가 많은 제조업 분야에서는 급변하는 환경에 따른 빈번한 전략변화가 오히려 생존에 부정적일 수 있다는 실무적 의의를 도출할 수 있었다.

Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of “strategic moves” (or strategic change) on the likelihood of organizational survival in a population of firms which has undergone radical transformations in its environment. To this end, we propose and test two competitive hypotheses which are the result of two other theoretical perspectives about the consequences of strategic change: the adaptation view (classic strategic management and dynamic capabilities) and the ecological approach. Two competing hypotheses, adaptation perspective and the organizational ecology perspective, for empirical study were performed. In this study, the analysis was conducted and targeted electronic components manufacturing industry with high environmental dynamism. An in-depth comparison between the strategic changes and organizational survival from two perspectives are available by examining how it is the support. Electronic components manufacturing industry for the 1982-2011 panel data on the organization’s strategic change and survival analysis were used. First, industrial strategy of SSTPs was classified by the movement of strategies between the SSTPs in the organizational survival. I used the probit regression to analyze. The results confirm the negative and significant effect of strategic change on the organizational survival with organizational ecology perspective. In other words, the strategic change has a negative effect on the organizational survival. Through this study, the generalization of the results can be improved by analysis based on the two theoretical perspectives about both the strategic change and the organizational survival.

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