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환경, 전략, 조직구조간의 적합성이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

A Study on the Effects of the Fit Among Environment, Strategy, and Organizational Structure on Firm Performance

서승범|임성준|추승엽|정수열
한국전략경영학회 (Korean Strategic Management Society)|2008.12|전략경영연구 (Journal of Strategic Management)|제11권 제3호|pp. 43-67|DOI 10.17786/jsm.2008.11.3.003

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참고문헌

키워드

environment기업성과조직구조경쟁전략competitive strategy경영환경fitfirm performanceorganizational structure상호 적합성
주제분류경영학

초록

본 논문은 국내기업의 경쟁전략, 경영환경 및 조직구조간의 관계와 이들 요인 간 상호 적합성이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 실증분석하였다. 이를 위해 국내 27개 산업의 387개 기업을 대상으로 가설을 검증하였다. 실증분석결과, 국내 기업들은 대체로 상황이론의 예측과 부합되게 경영환경에 적합한 경쟁전략과 조직구조를 선택하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 이론의 예측과는 달리, 국내 기업들의 경쟁전략과 조직구조 사이의 적합성은 발견되지 않았다. 한편, 고성과 집단과 저성과 집단으로 표본을 구분하여 경쟁전략과 조직구조, 경쟁전략과 경영환경, 경영환경과 조직구조, 그리고 경영환경, 경쟁전략, 조직구조의 통합적 적합성을 살펴 본 결과, 고성과 집단이 저성과 집단에 비해 적합성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 실증연구결과는 경영환경과 경쟁전략, 경영환경과 조직구조, 경쟁전략과 조직구조, 경영환경과 경쟁전략 및 조직구조의 적합성이 성과창출에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있다는 점을 시사하고 있다.

Abstract

This study analyzed relationships among competitive strategy, business environment, and organizational structure and the effects of their fit on firm performance. Hypotheses were tested over a sample of 387 domestic companies in 27 different industries. Empirical results of hypotheses without performance implications showed that most companies in our sample, in accordance to the contingency theory, adopted competitive strategy and organizational structure to fit business environment. On the other hand, in contrast to the contingency theory, the fit between the competitive strategy and organizational structure was not observed in our sample. In order to test hypotheses involving performance implications, we divided firms in our sample into high-performance and low-performance groups, and investigated the differences in various fit scores between groups. Empirical results showed that high-performance group had better fit scores between competitive strategy and organizational structure; competitive strategy and business environment; business environment and organizational structure; business environment, competitive strategy, and organizational structure; than low-performance group. Such empirical results seemed to confirm predictions of the contingency theory.

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