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중소기업의 환경과 전략의 적합이 성과에 미치는 영향

The Impact of Fitness between Environments and Strategies on the Performance in Small-Medium Enterprises

이석인
한국기업경영학회 (Korean Corporation Management Association)|2005.06|기업경영연구 (Korean Corporation Management Review)|제12권 제1호|pp. 225-238

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참고문헌

키워드

전략Business Environment기업환경Strategy성과와 적합Performance and Fitness.
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구에서는 중소기업의 환경과 전략의 적합이 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 선행연구들의 고찰을 통해 환경과 전략의 관계를 도출하고 적합을 조정으로 개념화하여 성과와의 관계를 설정한 후, 광주지역의 중소기업을 대상으로 조사 분석하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 환경의 역동성은 방어전략과 부(-)의 관계가 있었고, 환경의 적대성은 방어전략과 정(+)의 관계가 있었으며, 환경의 이질성은 혁신, 분석 및 방어전략 모두와 정(+)의 관계가 확인되었다. 한편, 역동성과 전략의 적합은 비재무성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤고, 적대성과 전략의 적합은 재무성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 이질성과 전략의 적합은 재무성과와 비재무성과 모두에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 광주지역의 중소기업에 있어서 환경과 전략의 적합이 높을수록 기업의 성과가 더 좋아짐을 시사하고 있다.

Abstract

This study examines the relations between organizational environment and business strategy and the effects of fitness on the firm performance. The data gathered from small-medium enterprises located in Gwangju industrial complexes. The organizational environment was classified into three types: dynamism, heterogeneity, and hostility. The business strategy was classified as prospector, analyzer, and defender. The fitness was conceptualized as moderation and calculated as index. sales growth, net income growth, market share, return on investment, and liquidity are used as financial performance measures. New product development, technological innovation, and employee's satisfaction are used as non-financial performance measures. Findings of this study are summarized as follows: (1)Dynamism was significantly and negatively related to defender. (2)Hostility was significantly and positively related to defender. (3)Heterogeneity was significantly and positively associated with prospector, analyzer, and defender. (4)The fitness between dynamism and business strategy had significant and positive effect on non-financial performance. (5)The fitness between hostility and business strategy had significant and positive effect on financial performance. (6)The fitness between heterogeneity and business strategy had significant and positive effect on both of financial and non-financial performance. The academic and practical implications of these findings are discussed for researchers and practitioners.

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